Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene & FZI Research Center for Immunotherapy, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Immunol Rev. 2016 May;271(1):200-20. doi: 10.1111/imr.12399.
The immune system is a multicentered organ that is characterized by intimate interactions between its cellular components to efficiently ward off invading pathogens. A key constituent of this organ system is the distinct migratory activity of its cellular elements. The lymph node represents a pivotal meeting point of immune cells where adaptive immunity is induced and regulated. Additionally, besides barrier tissues, the lymph node is a critical organ where invading pathogens need to be eliminated in order to prevent systemic distribution of virulent microbes. Here, we explain how the lymph node is structurally and functionally organized to fulfill these two critical functions - pathogen defense and orchestration of adaptive immunity. We will discuss spatio-temporal aspects of cellular immune responses focusing on CD8 T cells and review how and where these cells are activated in the context of viral infections, as well as how viral antigen expression kinetics and different antigen presentation pathways are involved. Finally, we will describe how such responses are regulated and 'helped', and discuss how this relates to intranodal positioning and cellular migration of the various cellular components that are involved in these processes.
免疫系统是一个多中心化的器官，其特点是细胞成分之间的密切相互作用，以有效地抵御入侵的病原体。该器官系统的一个关键组成部分是其细胞成分的独特迁移活性。淋巴结是免疫细胞的一个关键交汇点，在这里诱导和调节适应性免疫。此外，除了屏障组织外，淋巴结还是一个关键器官，需要在其中消除入侵的病原体，以防止有毒微生物的全身传播。在这里，我们解释了淋巴结如何在结构和功能上进行组织，以完成这两个关键功能——病原体防御和适应性免疫的协调。我们将讨论细胞免疫反应的时空方面，重点是 CD8 T 细胞，并回顾在病毒感染的情况下这些细胞是如何被激活的，以及病毒抗原表达动力学和不同的抗原呈递途径如何参与其中。最后，我们将描述这些反应是如何被调节和“帮助”的，并讨论这与参与这些过程的各种细胞成分在淋巴结内的定位和细胞迁移有何关系。
