Sakai Tatsuo
Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi. 2015 Dec;61(4):393-407.
The Salernitan School of Medicine was founded in the late 10th century as a loose association of medical teachers. The period before the middle 13th century was divided into three phases. In the early phase, before the end of 11th century, "practica" books were written, utilizing extant ancient literature, Arabic medical treatises were translated into Latin, and the medical text "Articella" was compiled. In the high phase before the end of the 12th century, the "Articella" was commented upon and new pharmacopeia and practica books were written. In the late phase before the middle of the 13th century, physicians who graduated from Salerno were active in various countries in Europe. After the middle of the 13th century the school developed organizations and rules, became a university at the end of 16th century, and was closed in 1811. The Salernitan school produced "Articella", which pioneered in theoretical medical education, and produced "practica", which dealt with both local diseases from head to foot and systemic fever diseases, and it continued until the end of 18th century. The two major disciplines of medical education before the end of 18th century, theoretica and practica, were derived from Salerno.
萨勒诺医学院成立于10世纪末，最初是一个医学教师的松散联合体。13世纪中叶之前的时期分为三个阶段。在早期，即11世纪末之前，人们撰写了“实用医学”书籍，利用现存的古代文献，将阿拉伯医学论著翻译成拉丁文，并编纂了医学文本《医学集成》。在12世纪末之前的鼎盛阶段，人们对《医学集成》进行了注释，并撰写了新的药典和实用医学书籍。在13世纪中叶之前的后期，从萨勒诺毕业的医生活跃于欧洲各国。13世纪中叶之后，该学校发展了组织和规章制度，在16世纪末成为一所大学，并于1811年关闭。萨勒诺学校编写了开创理论医学教育先河的《医学集成》，还编写了涉及从头到脚的局部疾病和全身性发热疾病的“实用医学”，并且一直持续到18世纪末。18世纪末之前医学教育的两大主要学科，即理论医学和实用医学，都源自萨勒诺。
