François Adrien, Grebert Denise, Rhimi Moez, Mariadassou Mahendra, Naudon Laurent, Rabot Sylvie, Meunier Nicolas
NBO, UVSQ, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
NBO, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 19;6:24687. doi: 10.1038/srep24687.
Intestinal epithelium development is dramatically impaired in germfree rodents, but the consequences of the absence of microbiota have been overlooked in other epithelia. In the present study, we present the first description of the bacterial communities associated with the olfactory epithelium and explored differences in olfactory epithelium characteristics between germfree and conventional, specific pathogen-free, mice. While the anatomy of the olfactory epithelium was not significantly different, we observed a thinner olfactory cilia layer along with a decreased cellular turn-over in germfree mice. Using electro-olfactogram, we recorded the responses of olfactory sensitive neuronal populations to various odorant stimulations. We observed a global increase in the amplitude of responses to odorants in germfree mice as well as altered responses kinetics. These changes were associated with a decreased transcription of most olfactory transduction actors and of olfactory xenobiotic metabolising enzymes. Overall, we present here the first evidence that the microbiota modulates the physiology of olfactory epithelium. As olfaction is a major sensory modality for most animal species, the microbiota may have an important impact on animal physiology and behaviour through olfaction alteration.
在无菌啮齿动物中，肠道上皮发育严重受损，但微生物群缺失在其他上皮组织中的影响却被忽视了。在本研究中，我们首次描述了与嗅觉上皮相关的细菌群落，并探究了无菌小鼠与常规无特定病原体小鼠之间嗅觉上皮特征的差异。虽然嗅觉上皮的解剖结构没有显著差异，但我们观察到无菌小鼠的嗅觉纤毛层更薄，细胞更新率降低。使用嗅觉电图，我们记录了嗅觉敏感神经元群体对各种气味刺激的反应。我们观察到无菌小鼠对气味刺激的反应幅度总体增加，以及反应动力学改变。这些变化与大多数嗅觉转导因子和嗅觉外源化合物代谢酶的转录减少有关。总体而言，我们在此首次证明微生物群可调节嗅觉上皮的生理功能。由于嗅觉是大多数动物物种的主要感觉方式，微生物群可能通过改变嗅觉对动物生理和行为产生重要影响。
