Karimi Gharib, Mardani Ahmad, Zadsar Maryam
Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Parasitol. 2016 Jan-Mar;11(1):10-8.
Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic disease. There is likelihood of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in blood donors during the periods of life. Currently, laboratory screening of blood donors for T. gondii is not routinely available. The objectives of this review were to study the effects of T. gondii on blood safety and to approach for risk reduction in blood recipients.
A literature search was performed using Cochrane library, PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar IranMedex, SID and Magiran without time limitation. All studies, which had reported the prevalence of T. gondii in Iranian blood donors in both English and Farsi languages, were evaluated and reviewed. The contents of the transfusion medicine text books related to this issue were reviewed. Searching keywords were "Blood Donors" or "Blood Transfusion" and "Toxoplasma" or "Toxoplasmosis" and Iran.
In order to study the prevalence of T. gondii in Iranian blood donors, six studies have been reviewed. IgG and IgM antibodies varied between 12.3% to 52.8% and 0% to 5.47%. Some of these studies have suggested to doing the screening for all blood donors. However, based on parasitological and epidemiological evidences, there is little chance for parasite transmission by blood transfusion.
By considering the moderate prevalence, difficulty in the differentiation between recent and past infections, and cost-effectiveness, it is not possible and rational to perform screening of donated blood. To reduce the risk of parasite transmission, leukofilteration method is recommended.
弓形虫病是一种常见的寄生虫病。在献血者的生命历程中存在接触弓形虫的可能性。目前，对献血者进行弓形虫实验室筛查并非常规开展。本综述的目的是研究弓形虫对血液安全的影响以及降低受血者风险的方法。
使用Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、Scopus、谷歌学术、IranMedex、SID和Magiran进行无时间限制的文献检索。对所有以英文和波斯文报道伊朗献血者弓形虫感染率的研究进行评估和综述。查阅了与该问题相关的输血医学教科书内容。检索关键词为“献血者”或“输血”以及“弓形虫”或“弓形虫病”和伊朗。
为研究伊朗献血者弓形虫的感染率，已对六项研究进行了综述。IgG和IgM抗体的比例在12.3%至52.8%以及0%至5.47%之间变化。其中一些研究建议对所有献血者进行筛查。然而，基于寄生虫学和流行病学证据，通过输血传播寄生虫的可能性很小。
考虑到中等感染率、区分近期感染和既往感染的困难以及成本效益，对献血进行筛查既不可行也不合理。为降低寄生虫传播风险，推荐采用白细胞滤除方法。
