Echternach Matthias, Burk Fabian, Burdumy Michael, Traser Louisa, Richter Bernhard
Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Medical Physics, Radiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
PLoS One. 2016 Apr 20;11(4):e0153792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153792. eCollection 2016.
Dynamic MRI analysis of phonation has gathered interest in voice and speech physiology. However, there are limited data addressing the extent to which articulation is dependent on loudness.
12 professional singer subjects of different voice classifications were analysed concerning the vocal tract profiles recorded with dynamic real-time MRI with 25fps in different pitch and loudness conditions. The subjects were asked to sing ascending scales on the vowel /a/ in three loudness conditions (comfortable=mf, very soft=pp, very loud=ff, respectively). Furthermore, fundamental frequency and sound pressure level were analysed from the simultaneously recorded optical audio signal after noise cancellation.
The data show articulatory differences with respect to changes of both pitch and loudness. Here, lip opening and pharynx width were increased. While the vertical larynx position was rising with pitch it was lower for greater loudness. Especially, the lip opening and pharynx width were more strongly correlated with the sound pressure level than with pitch.
For the vowel /a/ loudness has an effect on articulation during singing which should be considered when articulatory vocal tract data are interpreted.
发声的动态磁共振成像分析已引起了对语音和言语生理学的关注。然而，关于发音在多大程度上依赖于响度的数据有限。
对12名不同嗓音分类的专业歌手受试者进行了分析，这些受试者在不同音高和响度条件下以25帧/秒的动态实时磁共振成像记录了声道轮廓。要求受试者在三种响度条件下（分别为舒适=中强，非常轻柔=很弱，非常响亮=很强）以元音/a/唱上行音阶。此外，在去除噪声后，从同时记录的光学音频信号中分析基频和声压级。
数据显示在音高和响度变化方面存在发音差异。在此，嘴唇开口和咽部宽度增加。虽然垂直喉位随音高升高，但在更大响度时较低。特别是，嘴唇开口和咽部宽度与声压级的相关性比与音高的相关性更强。
对于元音/a/，响度在唱歌时对发音有影响，在解释发音声道数据时应予以考虑。
