Jacoboski L I, Mendonça-Lima A de, Hartz S M
Laboratório de Ecologia de Populações e Comunidades, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Populações e Comunidades, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2016 Apr 19;76(3):583-91. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.18614.
Replacement of native habitats by tree plantations has increased dramatically in Brazil, resulting in loss of structural components for birds, such as appropriate substrates for foraging and nesting. Tree plantations can also reduce faunal richness and change the composition of bird species. This study evaluated the structure of avian communities in eucalyptus plantations of different ages and in a native forest. We classified species as habitat specialists or generalists, and assessed if the species found in eucalyptus plantations are a subset of the species that occur in the native forest. Forty-one sampling sites were evaluated, with three point counts each, in a native forest and in eucalyptus plantations of four different ages. A total of 71 bird species were identified. Species richness and abundance were higher in the native forest, reflecting the greater heterogeneity of the habitat. The composition of bird species also differed between the native forest and plantations. The species recorded in the plantations represented a subset of the species of the native forest, with a predominance of generalist species. These species are more tolerant of habitat changes and are able to use the plantations. The commercial plantations studied here can serve as a main or occasional habitat for these generalists, especially for those that are semi-dependent on edge and forest. The bird species most affected by silviculture are those that are typical of open grasslands, and those that are highly dependent on well-preserved forests.
在巴西，人工林对原生栖息地的取代现象急剧增加，导致鸟类的结构组成部分丧失，比如适宜觅食和筑巢的基质。人工林还会降低动物种类丰富度并改变鸟类物种的构成。本研究评估了不同树龄的桉树林以及一片原生林中鸟类群落的结构。我们将物种分类为栖息地 specialists 或 generalists，并评估在桉树林中发现的物种是否是原生林中出现的物种的一个子集。在一片原生林和四个不同树龄的桉树林中，共评估了 41 个采样点，每个采样点进行三次点样计数。总共鉴定出 71 种鸟类。原生林中的物种丰富度和数量更高，这反映出栖息地具有更大的异质性。原生林和人工林之间的鸟类物种构成也有所不同。人工林中记录的物种是原生林物种的一个子集，其中 generalist 物种占主导。这些物种对栖息地变化的耐受性更强，并且能够利用人工林。这里研究的商业人工林可以作为这些 generalist 物种的主要或偶尔栖息地，特别是对于那些半依赖边缘地带和森林的物种。受造林影响最大的鸟类物种是那些典型的开阔草原物种，以及那些高度依赖保存完好森林的物种。
