Stonbraker Samantha, Larson Elaine
a Columbia University School of Nursing , New York , NY , USA.
b Department of Epidemiology , Mailman School of Public Health , New York , NY , USA.
AIDS Care. 2016 Oct;28(10):1223-9. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1173645. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
An assessment of information needs is essential for care planning for patients living with chronic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The extent to which these assessments have been conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is unknown. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to identify, evaluate, and summarize what research has been conducted to examine patient perceptions of their health-information needs among adults living with HIV in LAC. Using an integrative review methodology, a literature search of six databases was conducted in April and May 2015. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles published in English or Spanish that assessed the information needs of HIV-positive patients living in LAC. The quality of included articles was assessed and relevant characteristics of each article were extracted, compared, and presented. Searches returned 1885 citations, 11 of which met inclusion criteria. Studies included were conducted in 8 of 33 countries, used multiple research designs, demonstrated varying needs between populations, and found numerous unmet information needs. Information about HIV in general, methods of infection transmission, antiretroviral medications, other sexually transmitted diseases, and effective coping mechanisms were the most commonly mentioned needs. Healthcare providers were the largest and most reliable source of health information for many participants and it was emphasized that in order for health education to be effective, programs should include both individual and group components. Patients indicated that they may have difficulty processing and using information through an incorrect understanding of medications, not changing risk behaviors, and by stating that information can be overwhelming or poorly communicated. Further research on information needs is warranted so that healthcare providers and organizations may provide the information patients need to appropriately manage their health.
对信息需求进行评估对于为诸如感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）等慢性病患者制定护理计划至关重要。目前尚不清楚在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LAC）进行此类评估的程度。因此，本研究的目的是识别、评估和总结已开展的有关LAC地区成年HIV感染者对其健康信息需求认知的研究。采用综合综述方法，于2015年4月和5月对六个数据库进行了文献检索。纳入标准为以英文或西班牙文发表的经同行评审的文章，这些文章评估了LAC地区HIV阳性患者的信息需求。对纳入文章的质量进行了评估，并提取、比较和呈现了每篇文章的相关特征。检索共返回1885条引文，其中11条符合纳入标准。纳入的研究在33个国家中的8个国家开展，采用了多种研究设计，表明不同人群之间的需求各异，且发现了众多未满足的信息需求。关于HIV的一般信息、感染传播途径、抗逆转录病毒药物、其他性传播疾病以及有效的应对机制是最常被提及的需求。对于许多参与者而言，医疗保健提供者是最大且最可靠的健康信息来源，并且强调为使健康教育有效，项目应包括个体和群体部分。患者表示，他们可能因对药物的错误理解、不改变风险行为以及称信息过多或沟通不畅而在处理和使用信息方面存在困难。有必要对信息需求进行进一步研究，以便医疗保健提供者和机构能够提供患者适当管理自身健康所需的信息。
