Gelpí-Acosta Camila, Pouget Enrique R, Reilly Kathleen H, Hagan Holly, Neaigus Alan, Wendel Travis, Marshall David M
a LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York , Long Island City , New York , USA.
b National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. , New York , New York , USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2016 Jun 6;51(7):870-81. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2016.1155616. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
Among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, those who initiated drug injection in Puerto Rico (immigrant Puerto Rican PWID) engage in more injection and sexual risk behaviors, and have higher HIV incidence than non-Hispanic whites.
Understand the persistence of these HIV behaviors.
In a cross-sectional study conducted in New York City (NYC) in 2012 (National HIV Behavioral Surveillance), PWID aged ≥18 years were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling, interviewed, and tested for HIV. Participants were categorized into 5 different groups: (1) US-born non-Hispanic PWID, (2) US-born Puerto Rican PWID, (3) recent immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (≤3 years in NYC), (4) medium-term immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (>3 and ≤10 years in NYC), and (5) long-term immigrant Puerto Rican PWID (>10 years in NYC). We examined the relationship between time since migrating on sexual and injection risk behaviors among immigrant Puerto Rican PWID, compared with U.S.-born Puerto Rican PWID and US-born non-Hispanic PWID. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression.
A total of 481 PWID were recruited. In adjusted analyses using US-born non-Hispanic PWID as the comparison group, syringe sharing was significantly more likely among medium-term immigrants; and unprotected sex with casual partners was more likely among recent and long-term immigrants.
The risk-acculturation process for immigrant Puerto Rican PWID may be nonlinear and may not necessarily lead to risk reduction over time. Research is needed to better understand this process.
在美国注射毒品的人群（PWID）中，那些在波多黎各开始注射毒品的人（移民波多黎各PWID）比非西班牙裔白人有更多的注射和性行为风险行为，且艾滋病毒发病率更高。
了解这些艾滋病毒相关行为的持续性。
在2012年于纽约市（NYC）开展的一项横断面研究（全国艾滋病毒行为监测）中，采用应答驱动抽样法招募了年龄≥18岁的PWID，对其进行访谈并检测艾滋病毒。参与者被分为5个不同组：（1）美国出生的非西班牙裔PWID，（2）美国出生的波多黎各PWID，（3）近期移民波多黎各PWID（在NYC居住≤3年），（4）中期移民波多黎各PWID（在NYC居住>3年且≤10年），以及（5）长期移民波多黎各PWID（在NYC居住>10年）。我们研究了移民波多黎各PWID中移民时间与性风险行为和注射风险行为之间的关系，并与美国出生的波多黎各PWID和美国出生的非西班牙裔PWID进行比较。使用逻辑回归估计调整后的优势比（aOR）和95%置信区间（95%CI）。
共招募了481名PWID。在以美国出生的非西班牙裔PWID作为对照组的调整分析中，中期移民中注射器共用的可能性显著更高；近期和长期移民与临时性伴侣发生无保护性行为的可能性更大。
移民波多黎各PWID的风险文化适应过程可能是非线性的，不一定会随着时间推移导致风险降低。需要开展研究以更好地了解这一过程。
