Ritter Joseph K, Li Guangbi, Xia Min, Boini Krishna
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980613, 1217 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA,
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980613, 1217 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2016 Jun 1;8(2):264-77. doi: 10.2741/s461.
Anandamide (AEA) is the N-acyl ethanolamide of arachidonic acid, an agonist of cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid receptors in the body. The kidneys are enriched in AEA and in enzymes that metabolize AEA, but the roles of AEA and its metabolites in the kidney remain poorly understood. This system likely is involved in the regulation of renal blood flow and hemodynamics and of tubular sodium and fluid reabsorption. It may act as a neuromodulator of the renal sympathetic nervous system. AEA and its cyclooxygenase-2 metabolites, the prostamides, in the renal medulla may represent a unique antihypertensive system involved in the long-term control of blood pressure. AEA and its metabolites are also implicated as modulators of inflammation and mediators of signaling in inflammation. AEA and its metabolites may be influential in chronic kidney disease states associated with inflammation and cardiovascular diseases associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. The current knowledge of the roles of AEA and its derivatives highlights the need for further research to define and potentially exploit the role of this endocannabinoid system in the kidney.
花生四烯酸乙醇胺（AEA）是花生四烯酸的N-酰基乙醇胺，是体内大麻素和非大麻素受体的激动剂。肾脏中富含AEA以及代谢AEA的酶，但AEA及其代谢产物在肾脏中的作用仍知之甚少。该系统可能参与肾血流和血液动力学以及肾小管钠和液体重吸收的调节。它可能作为肾交感神经系统的神经调节剂。肾髓质中的AEA及其环氧化酶-2代谢产物前列腺酰胺可能代表一种独特的降压系统，参与血压的长期控制。AEA及其代谢产物也被认为是炎症的调节剂和炎症信号传导的介质。AEA及其代谢产物可能在与炎症相关的慢性肾病状态以及与高同型半胱氨酸血症相关的心血管疾病中发挥作用。目前对AEA及其衍生物作用的了解突出了进一步研究的必要性，以确定并可能利用这种内源性大麻素系统在肾脏中的作用。
