Młynarska Ewelina, Kustosik Natalia, Mejza Maja, Łysoń Zuzanna, Delebis Dawid, Orliński Jakub, Rysz Jacek, Franczyk Beata
Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 27;17(1):59. doi: 10.3390/nu17010059.
This narrative review explores the benefits and risks of cannabinoids in kidney health, particularly in individuals with pre-existing renal conditions. It discusses the roles of cannabinoid receptor ligands (phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids) in kidney physiology. The metabolism and excretion of these substances are also highlighted, with partial elimination occurring via the kidneys. The effects of cannabinoids on kidney function are examined, emphasizing both their potential to offer nephroprotection and the risks they may pose, such as cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome and ischemia-reperfusion injury. These complexities underscore the intricate interactions between cannabinoids and renal health. Furthermore, this review highlights the association between chronic synthetic cannabinoid use and acute kidney injury, stressing the need for further research into their mechanisms and risks. This article also highlights the growing prevalence of edible cannabis and hemp seed consumption, emphasizing their nutritional benefits, legal regulations, and challenges such as inconsistent labeling, potential health risks, and implications for kidney health. The review delves into the roles of CB1 and CB2 receptors in diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, and obesity-related kidney dysfunction, discussing the therapeutic potential of CB2 agonists and CB1 antagonists. Additionally, it examines the potential diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids in preventing kidney stones, suggesting that cannabinoids could reduce crystal retention and lower the risk of stone formation. Cannabinoids' effects on kidneys depend heavily on the characteristics of individual substances, as synthetic cannabinoids pose a major threat to the health of users. Cannabinoids offer therapeutic potential but require more research to confirm their benefits. Distinguishing between therapeutic cannabinoids and harmful synthetic variants is crucial for safe clinical application.
本叙述性综述探讨了大麻素对肾脏健康的益处和风险，特别是在已有肾脏疾病的个体中。它讨论了大麻素受体配体（植物大麻素、合成大麻素和内源性大麻素）在肾脏生理学中的作用。还强调了这些物质的代谢和排泄，部分通过肾脏消除。研究了大麻素对肾功能的影响，强调了它们提供肾保护的潜力以及可能带来的风险，如大麻素呕吐综合征和缺血再灌注损伤。这些复杂性凸显了大麻素与肾脏健康之间复杂的相互作用。此外，本综述强调了长期使用合成大麻素与急性肾损伤之间的关联，强调需要进一步研究其机制和风险。本文还强调了食用大麻和大麻籽消费的日益普及，强调了它们的营养益处、法律法规以及诸如标签不一致、潜在健康风险和对肾脏健康的影响等挑战。该综述深入探讨了CB1和CB2受体在糖尿病肾病、慢性肾病和肥胖相关肾脏功能障碍中的作用，讨论了CB2激动剂和CB1拮抗剂的治疗潜力。此外，研究了大麻素在预防肾结石方面的潜在利尿和抗炎作用，表明大麻素可以减少晶体滞留并降低结石形成的风险。大麻素对肾脏的影响在很大程度上取决于个体物质的特性，因为合成大麻素对使用者的健康构成重大威胁。大麻素具有治疗潜力，但需要更多研究来证实其益处。区分治疗性大麻素和有害的合成变体对于安全的临床应用至关重要。
