Dong Fengxia, Mitchell Paul D, Davis Vince M, Recker Ross
Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Formerly Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2017 Feb;73(2):425-434. doi: 10.1002/ps.4298. Epub 2016 Jun 17.
Controversy has surrounded atrazine owing to its susceptibility to leaching and run-off, with regular calls for a ban or restrictions on its use. In the context of a decreasing trend in the percentage of US maize using no-till since 2008, coinciding with the trend of glyphosate-resistant weeds becoming problematic in the Midwestern United States, we empirically examine how atrazine use restrictions have impacted the diversity of weed management practices used by Wisconsin maize farmers.
Using survey data from farms inside and outside atrazine prohibition areas, we found that prohibiting atrazine did not directly impact tillage practices, but rather it increased the adoption of herbicide-resistant seed, which then increased adoption of conservation tillage systems. We also found that prohibiting atrazine and using herbicide-resistant seed reduced the number of herbicide sites of action used.
The results indicate that prohibiting atrazine reduced the diversity of weed management practices, which increased the risk of herbicide resistance. Our concern is that a regulatory policy to address one issue (atrazine in groundwater) has induced farmer responses that increase problems with another issue (herbicide-resistant weeds) that longer term will contribute to water quality problems from increased soil erosion and offset the initial benefits. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
由于阿特拉津易被淋溶和径流带走，围绕它的使用一直存在争议，人们经常呼吁禁止或限制其使用。自2008年以来，美国免耕玉米种植比例呈下降趋势，与此同时，抗草甘膦杂草在美国中西部地区成为问题，在此背景下，我们通过实证研究了阿特拉津使用限制对威斯康星州玉米种植户杂草管理实践多样性的影响。
利用阿特拉津禁用地内外农场的调查数据，我们发现禁止使用阿特拉津并未直接影响耕作方式，而是增加了抗除草剂种子的采用率，进而增加了保护性耕作系统的采用率。我们还发现，禁止使用阿特拉津并采用抗除草剂种子减少了除草剂作用位点的数量。
结果表明，禁止使用阿特拉津降低了杂草管理实践的多样性，增加了抗除草剂风险。我们担心的是，一项旨在解决一个问题（地下水中的阿特拉津）的监管政策引发了农民的应对措施，这些措施增加了另一个问题（抗除草剂杂草）的问题，从长期来看，这将因土壤侵蚀加剧而导致水质问题，并抵消最初的益处。© 2016化学工业协会。
