US Department of Agriculture - Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2018 May;74(5):1143-1154. doi: 10.1002/ps.4598. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
The first case of glyphosate-resistant weeds in the United States was documented in 1998, 2 years after the commercialization of genetically engineered herbicide-resistant (HR) corn and soybeans. Currently, over 15 glyphosate-resistant weed species affect US crop production areas. These weeds have the potential to reduce yields, increase costs, and lower farm profitability. The objective of our study is to develop a behavioral model of farmers' weed management decisions and use it to analyze weed resistance to glyphosate in US corn farms.
On average, we find that weed control increased US corn yields by 3700 kg ha (worth approximately $US 255 ha ) in 2005 and 3500 kg ha (worth approximately $US 575 ha ) in 2010. If glyphosate resistant weeds were absent, glyphosate killed approximately 99% of weeds, on average, when applied at the label rate in HR production systems. Average control was dramatically lower in states where glyphosate resistance was widespread.
We find that glyphosate resistance had a significant impact on weed control costs and corn yields of US farmers in 2005 and 2010. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
1998 年，也就是商业化种植基因工程抗除草剂（HR）玉米和大豆的两年后，美国首次出现了抗草甘膦杂草。目前，超过 15 种抗草甘膦杂草影响着美国的作物种植区。这些杂草有可能降低产量、增加成本，并降低农场盈利能力。我们的研究目的是开发一种农民杂草管理决策的行为模型，并利用它来分析美国玉米农场中草甘膦的抗药性。
平均而言，我们发现，在 2005 年，杂草控制使美国玉米产量增加了 3700 公斤/公顷（约合 255 美元/公顷），在 2010 年增加了 3500 公斤/公顷（约合 575 美元/公顷）。如果没有抗草甘膦杂草，在 HR 生产系统中按标签剂量施用草甘膦，平均而言，草甘膦可杀死约 99%的杂草。在草甘膦抗性广泛存在的州，平均控制水平要低得多。
我们发现，2005 年和 2010 年，草甘膦抗性对美国农民的杂草控制成本和玉米产量产生了重大影响。2017 年发表。本文为美国政府工作，在美国属于公有领域。
