Firmin Ruth L, Luther Lauren, Lysaker Paul H, Minor Kyle S, Salyers Michelle P
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Schizophr Res. 2016 Aug;175(1-3):118-128. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.008. Epub 2016 Apr 18.
To better understand how stigma resistance impacts functioning-related domains, we examined mean effect sizes between stigma resistance and: 1) symptoms (overall, positive, negative, and mood symptoms); 2) self-stigma; 3) self-efficacy; 4) quality of life; 5) recovery; 6) hope; 7) insight, and 8) overall outcomes (the average effect size across the constructs examined in each study). The mean effect size between stigma resistance and overall outcomes was significant and positive (r=0.46, p<0.001, k=48). A large, negative effect size was found between stigma resistance and self-stigma (r=-0.57, p<0.001, k=40). Large, positive effect sizes were found with self-efficacy (r=0.60, p<0.001, k=25), quality of life (r=0.51, p<0.001, k=17), hope (r=0.54, p<0.001, k=8), and recovery (r=0.60, p<0.001, k=7). Stigma resistance had a significant medium and small relationship with insight and symptoms, respectively. Race significantly moderated overall outcomes, self-stigma, mood symptoms, functioning, and hope associations. Education significantly moderated symptoms, functioning, and mood symptoms associations, and age significantly moderated self-stigma and negative symptom associations. Stigma resistance may be a key requirement for recovery. Individual characteristics influence resisting stigma and future work should prioritize cultural factors surrounding stigma resistance.
为了更好地理解抗污名化如何影响与功能相关的领域，我们考察了抗污名化与以下方面之间的平均效应量：1）症状（总体症状、阳性症状、阴性症状和情绪症状）；2）自我污名化；3）自我效能感；4）生活质量；5）康复；6）希望；7）洞察力，以及8）总体结果（每项研究中所考察的各构念的平均效应量）。抗污名化与总体结果之间的平均效应量显著且为正（r = 0.46，p < 0.001，k = 48）。抗污名化与自我污名化之间发现了较大的负效应量（r = -0.57，p < 0.001，k = 40）。自我效能感（r = 0.60，p < 0.001，k = 25）、生活质量（r = 0.51，p < 0.001，k = 17）、希望（r = 0.54，p < 0.001，k = 8）和康复（r = 0.60，p < 0.001，k = 7）方面发现了较大的正效应量。抗污名化与洞察力和症状分别存在显著的中等和小的关联。种族显著调节了总体结果、自我污名化、情绪症状、功能和希望之间的关联。教育显著调节了症状、功能和情绪症状之间的关联，年龄显著调节了自我污名化和阴性症状之间的关联。抗污名化可能是康复的关键要求。个体特征影响抗污名化，未来的工作应优先考虑围绕抗污名化的文化因素。
