Hazard Brittany, Zhang Xiaoqin, Naemeh Mahmoudreza, Dubcovsky Jorge
Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616; J. Dubcovsky, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815.
J Plant Regist. 2014 Aug 25;8(3):334-338. doi: 10.3198/jpr2014.02.0007crg.
Durum wheat [ L. subsp. (Desf.) Husn.], used in pasta, couscous, and flatbread production, is an important source of starch food products worldwide. The amylose portion of the starch forms resistant starch complexes that resist digestion and contribute to dietary fiber. Increasing the amount of amylose and resistant starch in wheat by mutating the () genes has potential to provide human health benefits. Ethyl methane sulfonate mutations in the linked and paralogs were combined on chromosomes 2A (-A; Reg. No. GP-968, PI 670159), 2B (-B; Reg. No. GP-970, PI 670161), and on both chromosomes (-AB; Reg. No. GP-969, PI 670160) in the tetraploid wheat cultivar Kronos, a semidwarf durum wheat cultivar that has high yield potential and excellent pasta quality. These three double and quadruple mutant lines were compared with a control sib line with no mutations in two field locations in California. The -AB line with four mutations showed dramatic increases in amylose (average 66%) and resistant starch (average 753%) relative to the control. However, the -AB line also showed an average 7% decrease in total starch and an 8% decrease in kernel weight. The release by the University of California-Davis of the durum wheat germplasm combining four and mutations will accelerate the deployment of these mutations in durum wheat breeding programs and the development of durum wheat varieties with increased resistant starch.
硬粒小麦[L.亚种(Desf.) Husn.]用于生产意大利面、蒸粗麦粉和扁面包，是全球淀粉类食品的重要来源。淀粉中的直链淀粉部分形成抗消化的抗性淀粉复合物，对膳食纤维有贡献。通过对()基因进行突变来增加小麦中直链淀粉和抗性淀粉的含量，有可能对人类健康有益。在四倍体小麦品种Kronos（一种具有高产潜力和优异意大利面品质的半矮秆硬粒小麦品种）的2A染色体（-A；登记号GP-968，PI 670159）、2B染色体（-B；登记号GP-970，PI 670161）以及两条染色体上（-AB；登记号GP-969，PI 670160），将与连锁的和旁系同源基因中的甲基磺酸乙酯突变进行了组合。在加利福尼亚的两个田间地点，将这三个双突变和四突变品系与一个无突变的对照同胞系进行了比较。具有四个突变的-AB品系相对于对照，直链淀粉（平均66%）和抗性淀粉（平均753%）显著增加。然而，-AB品系的总淀粉平均减少了7%，粒重减少了8%。加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校发布的结合了四个和突变的硬粒小麦种质，将加速这些突变在硬粒小麦育种计划中的应用以及抗性淀粉含量增加的硬粒小麦品种的培育。
