Boule M, Gaultier C, Girard F
Unité de Physiologie respiratoire de l'enfant, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital, Trousseau, Paris France.
Respir Physiol. 1989 Feb;75(2):225-33. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(89)90066-2.
Breathing pattern during exercise on a cycle ergometer was studied in 18 untrained children aged from 6 to 15 years of age (9 boys, 9 girls). Oxygen uptake, tidal volume, minute ventilation, all normalized for body weight (VO2BW, VT BW, VE BW), respiratory frequency (f), inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) times, ratio TI over total duration of the respiratory cycle (TI/TTOT) and mean inspiratory flow (VT BW/TI) were measured: (1) at rest (W0) and at the highest load (maximal cardiac rate) of an incremental exercise (W1); (2) in steady state conditions, at 50% of W1 (W1/2) and at 2/3 of W1 (W2/3). VO2BW, VT BW, VE BW, TI/TTOT, VT BW/TI increased significantly (P less than 0.01) from W0 to W1. Behaviour of f and TI were different from the latter parameters: f increased and TI decreased significantly from W0 to W1/2 (P less than 0.01) and from W1/2 to W2/3 (P less than 0.01) but remained similar at W2/3 and W1. We observed a relationship between VO2 BW and VT BW/TI, and between VT BW and TI/TTOT at each step of workload. We conclude that untrained children adapt the pattern of breathing during exercise, as at rest, to metabolic demand. However, the increase in f and the decrease in TI are limited at maximal workload.
对18名6至15岁未经训练的儿童（9名男孩，9名女孩）在卧式测力计上运动时的呼吸模式进行了研究。测量了摄氧量、潮气量、分钟通气量，并均按体重进行了标准化（VO2BW、VT BW、VE BW）、呼吸频率（f）、吸气时间（TI）和呼气时间（TE）、TI占呼吸周期总时长的比例（TI/TTOT）以及平均吸气流量（VT BW/TI）：（1）在静息状态（W0）和递增运动的最高负荷（最大心率）时（W1）；（2）在稳态条件下，W1的50%（W1/2）和W1的2/3（W2/3）时。从W0到W1，VO2BW、VT BW、VE BW、TI/TTOT、VT BW/TI显著增加（P<0.01）。f和TI的变化与后几个参数不同：从W0到W1/2（P<0.01）以及从W1/2到W2/3（P<0.01），f增加而TI显著降低，但在W2/3和W1时保持相似。在每个工作负荷阶段，我们都观察到VO2 BW与VT BW/TI之间以及VT BW与TI/TTOT之间存在关系。我们得出结论，未经训练的儿童在运动时，如同在静息时一样，会使呼吸模式适应代谢需求。然而，在最大工作负荷时，f的增加和TI的降低是有限的。
