Villalobos Guiehdani, Vega-Memije Maria Elisa, Maravilla Pablo, Martinez-Hernandez Fernando
Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico.
Subdireccion de Investigacion, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico.
Int J Dermatol. 2016 Oct;55(10):1060-8. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13302. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
Here, we review the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis), which belongs to a group of Diptera generically known as "myiasis-causing flies," characterized by the ability of their larvae to develop in animal flesh. In addition to its medical and economic importance, there is an academic interest in this botfly because of its peculiar biology, particularly because a phoretic diptera is needed to complete the life cycle. The larvae penetrate the host's skin, causing furuncle-like lesions that are pruritic, painful, and resemble subcutaneous nodules, producing irreversible perforations in the skin. Although D. hominis is distributed from Mexico to Argentina, a review performed by our working group from 1999 to 2015 determined that the countries with the highest infection rates in travelers are Belize, Bolivia, and Brazil. Interestingly, infected men show a higher variation in the distribution of the lesions than in women. Many treatment schemes have been suggested, including the application of highly dense liquids to the lesion to cause anoxia in the D. hominis larvae. We showed, for the first time, a Bayesian inference between D. hominis and other myiasis-causing flies. The flies grouped into two main clusters according to their capacity to produce facultative and obligatory myiasis, and D. hominis was phylogenetically close to Cuterebra spp.
在此，我们对人肤蝇（Dermatobia hominis）进行综述，它属于双翅目昆虫中的一组，通常被称为“致蝇蛆病的苍蝇”，其特征是幼虫能够在动物肉中发育。除了其医学和经济重要性外，由于其人肤蝇独特的生物学特性，特别是因为其生命周期需要一种携播双翅目昆虫来完成，所以在学术上也备受关注。幼虫会穿透宿主皮肤，引发类似疖肿的病变，这些病变瘙痒、疼痛，类似皮下结节，会在皮肤上造成不可逆的穿孔。尽管人肤蝇分布于从墨西哥到阿根廷的地区，但我们工作组在1999年至2015年进行的一项综述确定，旅行者中感染率最高的国家是伯利兹、玻利维亚和巴西。有趣的是，受感染男性的病变分布差异比女性更大。已经提出了许多治疗方案，包括在病变处涂抹高密度液体以使肤蝇幼虫缺氧。我们首次展示了人肤蝇与其他致蝇蛆病苍蝇之间的贝叶斯推断。这些苍蝇根据其产生兼性和专性蝇蛆病的能力分为两个主要类群，并且人肤蝇在系统发育上与黄蝇属（Cuterebra spp.）接近。
