Shu C Y, Sanganahalli B G, Coman D, Herman P, Hyder F
Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
Prog Brain Res. 2016;225:99-122. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.02.003. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
Neurovascular coupling relates changes in neuronal activity to constriction/dilation of microvessels. However neurometabolic coupling, which is less well known, relates alterations in neuronal activity with metabolic demands. The link between the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal and neural activity opened doors for functional MRI (fMRI) to be a powerful neuroimaging tool in the neurosciences. But due to the complex makeup of BOLD contrast, researchers began to investigate the relationship between BOLD signal and blood flow and/or volume changes during functional brain activation, which together provided the tools to measure oxygen consumption on the basis of the biophysical model of BOLD. This field is called calibrated fMRI, thereby allowed probing of both neurometabolic and neurovascular couplings for a variety of health conditions in animals and humans. Calibrated fMRI may provide brain disorder biomarkers that could be used for monitoring effective therapies.
神经血管耦合将神经元活动的变化与微血管的收缩/扩张联系起来。然而，鲜为人知的神经代谢耦合则将神经元活动的改变与代谢需求联系起来。血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号与神经活动之间的联系，为功能磁共振成像（fMRI）成为神经科学中强大的神经成像工具打开了大门。但由于BOLD对比度的构成复杂，研究人员开始研究在功能性脑激活过程中BOLD信号与血流和/或血容量变化之间的关系，这些研究共同提供了基于BOLD生物物理模型来测量氧消耗的工具。这个领域被称为校准功能磁共振成像，从而能够探究动物和人类各种健康状况下的神经代谢和神经血管耦合。校准功能磁共振成像可能提供可用于监测有效治疗的脑部疾病生物标志物。
