Hu Qiongbo, Li Fuxia, Zhang Yuping
College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:3194321. doi: 10.1155/2016/3194321. Epub 2016 Apr 10.
There are more than thirty mycotoxins produced by fungal entomopathogens. Totally, they belong to two classes, NRP and PK mycotoxins. Most of mycotoxins have not been paid sufficient attention yet. Generally, mycotoxins do not exist in mycoinsecticide and might not be released to environments unless entomogenous fungus proliferates and produces mycotoxins in host insects or probably in plants. Some mycotoxins, destruxins as an example, are decomposed in host insects before they, with the insect's cadavers together, are released to environments. Many species of fungal entomopathogens have the endophytic characteristics. But we do not know if fungal entomopathogens produce mycotoxins in plants and release them to environments. On the contrary, the same mycotoxins produced by phytopathogens such as Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. have been paid enough concerns. In conclusion, mycotoxins from mycoinsecticides have limited ways to enter environments. The risks of mycotoxins from mycoinsecticides contaminating foods are controllable.
真菌性昆虫病原体能产生三十多种霉菌毒素。总体而言，它们可分为两类，即非核糖体肽合成酶（NRP）类霉菌毒素和聚酮合酶（PK）类霉菌毒素。大多数霉菌毒素尚未得到足够的关注。一般来说，霉菌毒素不存在于杀真菌昆虫剂中，除非昆虫病原真菌在宿主昆虫或可能在植物中增殖并产生霉菌毒素，否则它们可能不会释放到环境中。一些霉菌毒素，以 destruxins 为例，在与昆虫尸体一起释放到环境之前，会在宿主昆虫体内分解。许多种类的真菌性昆虫病原体具有内生特性。但我们不知道真菌性昆虫病原体是否会在植物中产生霉菌毒素并释放到环境中。相反，由镰刀菌属和曲霉属等植物病原体产生的相同霉菌毒素已受到足够的关注。总之，来自杀真菌昆虫剂的霉菌毒素进入环境的途径有限。来自杀真菌昆虫剂的霉菌毒素污染食品的风险是可控的。
