Dowd P F
Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
Food Addit Contam. 1995 May-Jun;12(3):497-508. doi: 10.1080/02652039509374336.
Sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) are important in vectoring mycotoxigenic species of Aspergillus and Fusarium to maize. Species examined are attracted to fungal and maize volatiles, and are resistant to most mycotoxins compared to maize ear-infesting caterpillars. They will invade ears damaged by birds or caterpillars or those ears that have poor husk coverage. An integrated control programme for these insects under development presently includes pheromones and host coattractants for trapping; identification and dispersal of pathogenic nematodes and fungi; identification of maize varieties cross-resistant to mycotoxigenic fungi and other insects, and the potential mechanisms involved; and formulations of insecticides for single treatment, low active ingredient, selective control of insect pests of ears including sap beetles and caterpillars that preserve naturally occurring predators and parasites. Autoinoculative devices are also being tested to use sap beetles to deliver biocompetitors of mycotoxigenic fungi to maize.
露尾甲（鞘翅目：露尾甲科）在将产真菌毒素的曲霉属和镰刀菌属物种传播到玉米上起着重要作用。所研究的物种会被真菌和玉米挥发物吸引，并且与侵害玉米穗的毛虫相比，对大多数真菌毒素具有抗性。它们会侵入被鸟类或毛虫损坏的玉米穗，或者那些苞叶覆盖不良的玉米穗。目前正在制定的针对这些昆虫的综合防治计划包括用于诱捕的信息素和寄主共引诱剂；致病性线虫和真菌的鉴定与传播；对产真菌毒素真菌和其他昆虫具有交叉抗性的玉米品种及其潜在机制的鉴定；以及用于单次处理、低活性成分、选择性控制包括露尾甲和毛虫在内的玉米穗害虫的杀虫剂配方，同时要保护自然存在的捕食者和寄生虫。自动接种装置也正在进行测试，以利用露尾甲将产真菌毒素真菌的生物竞争者传递到玉米上。
