Guarienti Michela, Cardozo Sdenka Moscoso, Borgese Laura, Lira Gloria Rodrigo, Depero Laura E, Bontempi Elza, Presta Marco
Zebrafish Facility, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2016 Jul;214:713-721. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.053. Epub 2016 May 3.
Fly ashes generated by municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) are classified as hazardous waste and usually landfilled. For the sustainable reuse of these materials is necessary to reduce the resulting impact on human health and environment. The COSMOS-rice technology has been recently proposed for the treatment of fly ashes mixed with rice husk ash, to obtain a low-cost composite material with significant performances. Here, aquatic biotoxicity assays, including daphnidae and zebrafish embryo-based tests, were used to assess the biosafety efficacy of this technology. Exposure to lixiviated MSWI fly ash caused dose-dependent biotoxic effects on daphnidae and zebrafish embryos with alterations of embryonic development, teratogenous defects and apoptotic events. On the contrary, no biotoxic effects were observed in daphnidae and zebrafish embryos exposed to lixiviated COSMOS-rice material. Accordingly, whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis of the expression of various tissue-specific genes in zebrafish embryos provided genetic evidence about the ability of COSMOS-rice stabilization process to minimize the biotoxic effects of MSWI fly ash. These results demonstrate at the biological level that the newly developed COSMOS-rice technology is an efficient and cost-effective method to process MSWI fly ash, producing a biologically safe and reusable material.
城市固体废物焚烧炉（MSWI）产生的飞灰被归类为危险废物，通常进行填埋处理。为了这些材料的可持续再利用，有必要减少其对人类健康和环境造成的影响。最近提出了COSMOS-水稻技术来处理与稻壳灰混合的飞灰，以获得具有显著性能的低成本复合材料。在此，采用了包括水蚤和斑马鱼胚胎试验在内的水生生物毒性试验来评估该技术的生物安全效果。接触浸出的MSWI飞灰会对水蚤和斑马鱼胚胎产生剂量依赖性的生物毒性作用，导致胚胎发育改变、致畸缺陷和凋亡事件。相反，在接触浸出的COSMOS-水稻材料的水蚤和斑马鱼胚胎中未观察到生物毒性作用。因此，对斑马鱼胚胎中各种组织特异性基因表达的全胚胎原位杂交分析提供了遗传证据，证明COSMOS-水稻稳定化过程能够将MSWI飞灰的生物毒性作用降至最低。这些结果在生物学层面证明，新开发的COSMOS-水稻技术是一种高效且经济有效的处理MSWI飞灰的方法，能够生产出生物安全且可再利用的材料。
