数字危险：非法在线药房对全球公共卫生、患者安全和网络安全构成的威胁综述
Digital danger: a review of the global public health, patient safety and cybersecurity threats posed by illicit online pharmacies.
作者信息
Mackey Tim K, Nayyar Gaurvika
机构信息
Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA Global Health Policy Institute, San Diego, California, USA Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
Global Health Policy Institute, San Diego, California, USA.
出版信息
Br Med Bull. 2016 Jun;118(1):110-26. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldw016. Epub 2016 May 5.
BACKGROUND
Amidst the rise of e-commerce, there has been a proliferation of illicit online pharmacies that threaten global patient safety by selling drugs without a prescription directly to the consumer. Despite this clear threat, little is known about the key risk characteristics, central challenges and current legal, regulatory and law enforcement responses.
SOURCES OF DATA
A review was conducted of the English literature with search terms 'online pharmacies', 'Internet pharmacies', 'cyber pharmacies', 'rogue pharmacies', and 'e-pharmacies' using PubMed, JSTOR, and Google Scholar from 1999-2005.
AREAS OF AGREEMENT
Illicit online pharmacies are a rapidly growing public health threat and are characterized by a number of complex and interrelated risk factors.
AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
Solutions are varied and are of questionable utility in the face of evolving technology that enables this form of transnational cybercrime.
GROWING POINTS
Legal, regulatory and technology solutions must address the entire illicit online pharmacy ecosystem in order to be effective.
AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
There is a critical need to build international consensus, conduct additional research and develop technology to combat illicit online pharmacies.
背景
在电子商务兴起的背景下，非法在线药店大量涌现，它们通过直接向消费者出售无处方药品，威胁着全球患者的安全。尽管存在这种明显的威胁，但对于关键风险特征、核心挑战以及当前的法律、监管和执法应对措施，人们却知之甚少。
数据来源
使用PubMed、JSTOR和谷歌学术搜索引擎，以“在线药店”“互联网药店”“网络药店”“非法药店”和“电子药店”为检索词，对1999年至2005年的英文文献进行了综述。
共识领域
非法在线药店对公众健康的威胁正在迅速增长，其特点是存在许多复杂且相互关联的风险因素。
争议领域
面对使这种跨国网络犯罪形式成为可能的不断发展的技术，解决方案多种多样，但其效用存疑。
发展重点
法律、监管和技术解决方案必须针对整个非法在线药店生态系统，才能发挥效力。
适合开展研究的领域
迫切需要达成国际共识，进行更多研究并开发技术，以打击非法在线药店。
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