Muhsin Saif A, Mount David B
Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Mar;30(2):189-203. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.02.014. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
Hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium level above 145 mmol/L. It is a frequently encountered electrolyte disturbance in the hospital setting, with an unappreciated high mortality. Understanding hypernatremia requires a comprehension of body fluid compartments, as well as concepts of the preservation of normal body water balance. The human body maintains a normal osmolality between 280 and 295 mOsm/kg via Arginine Vasopressin (AVP), thirst, and the renal response to AVP; dysfunction of all three of these factors can cause hypernatremia. We review new developments in the pathophysiology of hypernatremia, in addition to the differential diagnosis and management of this important electrolyte disorder.
高钠血症定义为血清钠水平高于145毫摩尔/升。它是医院环境中经常遇到的一种电解质紊乱，死亡率高却未得到重视。理解高钠血症需要了解体液 compartments（此处原文可能有误，推测为“体液 compartments”，暂处理为“体液成分”），以及维持正常身体水平衡的概念。人体通过精氨酸加压素（AVP）、口渴感和肾脏对AVP的反应将渗透压维持在280至295毫摩尔/千克之间；这三个因素中的任何一个功能失调都可能导致高钠血症。除了这种重要电解质紊乱的鉴别诊断和管理外，我们还回顾了高钠血症病理生理学的新进展。
