Wu Kejing, Wu Yulong, Chen Yu, Chen Hao, Wang Jianlong, Yang Mingde
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
ChemSusChem. 2016 Jun 22;9(12):1355-85. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201600013. Epub 2016 May 9.
Different biobased chemicals are produced during the conversion of biomass into fuels through various feasible technologies (e.g., hydrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and pyrolysis). The challenge of transforming these biobased chemicals with high hydrophilicity is ascribed to the high water content of the feedstock and the inevitable formation of water. Therefore, aqueous-phase processing is an interesting technology for the heterogeneous catalytic conversion of biobased chemicals. Different reactions, such as dehydration, isomerization, aldol condensation, ketonization, and hydrogenation, are applied for the conversion of sugars, furfural/hydroxymethylfurfural, acids, phenolics, and so on over heterogeneous catalysts. The activity, stability, and reusability of the heterogeneous catalysts in water are summarized, and deactivation processes and several strategies are introduced to improve the stability of heterogeneous catalysts in the aqueous phase.
通过各种可行技术（例如水解、水热液化和热解）将生物质转化为燃料的过程中会产生不同的生物基化学品。转化这些具有高亲水性的生物基化学品面临的挑战归因于原料的高含水量以及不可避免生成的水。因此，水相处理是一种用于生物基化学品多相催化转化的有趣技术。不同的反应，如脱水、异构化、羟醛缩合、酮化和氢化，被用于在多相催化剂上转化糖类、糠醛/羟甲基糠醛、酸、酚类等。总结了多相催化剂在水中的活性、稳定性和可重复使用性，并介绍了失活过程以及提高多相催化剂在水相稳定性的几种策略。
