Zhang Qingming, Wang Feifei, Xue Changhui, Wang Caixia, Chi Shengqi, Zhang Jianfeng
College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 Sep;131:7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.035. Epub 2016 May 6.
Nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) are a group of surfactants that are widely used in industrial and household products and often detected in the environment. The metabolite of NPEOs, named nonylphenol (NP), has proven to be an endocrine disruptor, and its environmental behavior and eco-toxicity have been widely investigated in previous studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, insight into the toxicity differences of NP and NPEOs on important crops remains limited. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative toxicity of NP, nonylphenol-4-ethoxylate (NP4EO), and nonylphenol-10-ethoxylate (NP10EO) on wheat seedlings using hydroponic experiments. The results indicated that NP is most toxic to wheat followed by NP4EO, and NP10EO is the least toxic to wheat. The adverse effects of NP on wheat were observed for all the tested parameters including germination, shoot length, root length, chlorophyll, lipid peroxidation, and enzymatic activities. To gain insight into the molecular response, we analyzed the transcript abundance of SOD-Cu/Zn and CAT with NP, NP4EO, and NP10EO exposure using quantitative real-time PCR. The data revealed that both genes exhibited up- or down-regulated expression patterns that were consistent with the activities of the two enzymes. This result further conformed that NP is most toxic to wheat plants.
壬基酚聚乙氧基化物（NPEOs）是一类广泛应用于工业和家用产品中的表面活性剂，且常在环境中被检测到。NPEOs的代谢产物壬基酚（NP）已被证实是一种内分泌干扰物，其环境行为和生态毒性在以往研究中已得到广泛调查。然而，据我们所知，关于NP和NPEOs对重要农作物毒性差异的深入了解仍然有限。因此，本研究采用水培实验研究了NP、壬基酚-4-乙氧基化物（NP4EO）和壬基酚-10-乙氧基化物（NP10EO）对小麦幼苗的比较毒性。结果表明，NP对小麦毒性最大，其次是NP4EO，而NP10EO对小麦毒性最小。在所有测试参数中，包括发芽率、地上部分长度、根长度、叶绿素、脂质过氧化和酶活性，均观察到NP对小麦的不利影响。为深入了解分子响应，我们使用定量实时PCR分析了经NP、NP4EO和NP10EO处理后超氧化物歧化酶铜/锌（SOD-Cu/Zn）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的转录本丰度。数据显示，这两个基因均呈现上调或下调的表达模式，这与两种酶的活性一致。这一结果进一步证实了NP对小麦植株毒性最大。
