Palma-Cruz Felipe de J, Pérez-Vargas Josefina, Rivera Casado Noemí Araceli, Gómez Guzmán Octavio, Calva-Calva Graciano
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN 2508, C. P. 07360, México D. F., Mexico.
Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Av. Tecnológico, CP 68030, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Aug;23(16):16359-71. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6675-4. Epub 2016 May 10.
Pioneer native plant species from weathered oil spill-affected sites were selected to study their potential for phytoremediation on the basis of their ecological and phenological changes during the phytoremediation process. Experiments were conducted in field and in greenhouse. In field, native plants from aged oil spill-impacted sites with up 400 g of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons per kilogram soil were selected. In the impacted sites, the principal dominant plant species with potential for hydrocarbons removal were Cyperus laxus, Cyperus esculentus, and Ludwigia peploides. In greenhouse, the phenology of the selected plant species was drastically affected by the hydrocarbons level above 325 g total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) per kilogram soil after 2 years of phytoremediation of soils from the aged oil spill-impacted sites. From the phytoremediation treatments, a mix-culture of C. laxus, C. esculentus, and L. peploides in soil containing 325 g TPH/kg soil, from which 20.3 % were polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and 34.2 % were asphaltenes (ASF), was able to remove up 93 % of the TPH, while in unvegetated soil the TPH removal was 12.6 %. Furthermore, evaluation of the biodiversity and life forms of plant species in the impacted sites showed that phytoremediation with C. esculentus, alone or in a mix-culture with C. laxus and L. peploides, reduces the TPH to such extent that the native plant community was progressively reestablished by replacing the cultivated species resulting in the ecological recovery of the affected soil. These results demonstrate that native Cyperus species from weathered oil spill-affected sites, specifically C. esculentus and C. laxus, alone or in a mix-culture, have particular potential for phytoremediation of soils from tropical wetlands contaminated with weathered oil hydrocarbons.
从受风化石油泄漏影响的地点选取先锋本土植物物种，根据它们在植物修复过程中的生态和物候变化，研究其植物修复潜力。实验在田间和温室中进行。在田间，选取来自受老化石油泄漏影响地点的本土植物，这些地点每千克土壤中含有高达400克的风化石油烃。在受影响地点，具有去除烃潜力的主要优势植物物种有疏花莎草、香附子和沼生水龙。在温室中，对来自老化石油泄漏影响地点的土壤进行2年植物修复后，当土壤中总石油烃（TPH）含量高于每千克土壤325克时，所选植物物种的物候受到严重影响。在植物修复处理中，将疏花莎草、香附子和沼生水龙混合种植在含有325克TPH/千克土壤的土壤中，其中20.3%为多环芳烃（PAH），34.2%为沥青质（ASF），能够去除高达93%的TPH，而在无植被土壤中TPH去除率为12.6%。此外，对受影响地点植物物种的生物多样性和生活型进行评估表明，单独种植香附子或与疏花莎草和沼生水龙混合种植进行植物修复，可将TPH降低到一定程度，使得本土植物群落通过取代栽培物种而逐渐重新建立，从而实现受影响土壤的生态恢复。这些结果表明，来自受风化石油泄漏影响地点的本土莎草物种，特别是香附子和疏花莎草，单独或混合种植时，对热带湿地受风化石油烃污染土壤具有特殊的植物修复潜力。
