Yang Xiangdong, Niu Lu, Zhang Yuanyu, Ren Wei, Yang Chunming, Yang Jing, Xing Guojie, Zhong Xiaofang, Zhang Jun, Slaski Jan, Zhang Jian
Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 29;11(7):923. doi: 10.3390/plants11070923.
Tiger nut ( L.) has recently attracted increasing interest from scientific and technological communities because of its potential for serving as additional source of food, oil, and feed. The present study reports morphology and biochemical characterization of 42 tiger nut accessions collected from China and other counties performed in the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons at Nongan, Jilin Province. Assessment of variability of 14 agronomic traits including plant height, maturation, leaf width, tilling number, color, size, and shape: 100-tuber weight showed a wide range of phenotypic variation. The color, size, and shape and maturation of the tubers, as well as the leaf width, were the most distinct characteristics describing variation among the accessions. Compositional analyses of major nutritional components of the tubers reveals that this crop could be a source of high-value proteins, fatty acids, and carbohydrates. Specifically, tiger nut tubers contained high levels of starch, oil, and sugars, and significant amounts of fiber, Ca, P, and Na. Furthermore, the tubers appeared to be a good source of proteins as they contain 16 amino acids, including the essential ones. Amino acid profiles were dominated by aspartic acid followed by glutamic acid, leucine, alanine, and arginine. Overall, these results demonstrated that tiger nut is well adapted to the temperature and light conditions in the north temperate zone of China, even with a shorter growth season. The tiger nut accessions collected here exhibited wide variations for agronomical and biochemical traits, suggesting potential for potential for breeding improvement by maximizing the fresh tuber and grass yield based on the optimal selection of genetic characteristics in climate and soil conditions of northern China.
油莎豆（Cyperus esculentus L.）因其作为食物、油脂和饲料额外来源的潜力，最近引起了科技界越来越多的关注。本研究报告了2020年和2021年生长季在吉林省农安采集的42份来自中国及其他国家的油莎豆种质的形态学和生化特征。对包括株高、成熟度、叶宽、分蘖数、颜色、大小和形状在内的14个农艺性状的变异性评估：百粒重表现出广泛的表型变异。块茎的颜色、大小、形状和成熟度以及叶宽是描述种质间变异最明显的特征。块茎主要营养成分的成分分析表明，这种作物可能是高价值蛋白质、脂肪酸和碳水化合物的来源。具体而言，油莎豆块茎含有高水平的淀粉、油脂和糖分，以及大量的纤维、钙、磷和钠。此外，块茎似乎是蛋白质的良好来源，因为它们含有16种氨基酸，包括必需氨基酸。氨基酸谱以天冬氨酸为主，其次是谷氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸和精氨酸。总体而言，这些结果表明，即使生长季较短，油莎豆也能很好地适应中国北温带的温度和光照条件。这里收集的油莎豆种质在农艺和生化性状上表现出广泛的变异，表明通过基于中国北方气候和土壤条件下的遗传特性进行最佳选择，有可能提高鲜块茎和草产量，从而实现育种改良。
