Balansky R M, Blagoeva P M
Laboratory of Chemical Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis, Institute of Oncology, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Mutat Res. 1989 May;223(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(89)90056-6.
The clastogenic activity of tobacco smoke (TS) was established in mouse fetuses employing the micronucleus test. A 1-h exposure of pregnant mice BDF1 (C57Bl x DBA2) to TS (600 cm3 TS in a 14-l glass chamber, 4 exposures of 15 min each with 1 min intervals during which a total air change was made) on day 16/17 caused a 2-3-fold increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN PCEs) in fetal liver as well as in the liver of newborn mice (1-5 h after birth). A similar, although slightly greater micronucleus response occurred in fetuses obtained from pregnant mice treated repeatedly with TS (60 min/day in total) starting on day 11 of gestation. The in vivo clastogenic activity of TS was also established by evaluating the MN PCE level in the peripheral blood of newborn mice (1-5 h after birth and during the first several days of life) treated transplacentally with TS during the last third of pregnancy. The young animals (1-3 weeks old) were more sensitive to the clastogenic activity of TS as compared to their 6-month-old mothers but no data were obtained showing a possible passing of the TS-contained clastogens from 'smoking' lactating mothers to their suckling offspring. The combined application of micronucleus test proved to be very convenient and useful when studying the different aspects of TS-induced genotoxicity.
采用微核试验确定了烟草烟雾（TS）对小鼠胎儿的致断裂活性。在妊娠第16/17天，将怀孕的BDF1（C57Bl×DBA2）小鼠置于含TS的环境中1小时（在14升玻璃舱内注入600立方厘米TS，每次暴露15分钟，共4次，每次间隔1分钟，期间进行一次总换气），结果导致胎肝以及新生小鼠肝脏（出生后1 - 5小时）中微核多染红细胞（MN PCEs）数量增加2 - 3倍。从妊娠第11天开始用TS反复处理（每天共60分钟）的怀孕小鼠所产胎儿中，也出现了类似但稍大一些的微核反应。通过评估妊娠最后三分之一阶段经胎盘接触TS的新生小鼠（出生后1 - 5小时及出生后头几天）外周血中的MN PCE水平，也确定了TS的体内致断裂活性。与6个月大的母鼠相比，幼龄动物（1 - 3周龄）对TS的致断裂活性更敏感，但未获得数据表明含TS的致断裂剂可能会从“吸烟”的哺乳期母鼠传递给其哺乳后代。在研究TS诱导的遗传毒性的不同方面时，微核试验的联合应用被证明非常方便且有用。
