Moradi Zahra, Besharat Mehdi, Minaiee Bagher, Aliasl Jale, Parsa Yekta Zohreh, Nasiri Toosi Mohsen
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016 Jan 1;18(2):e20034. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.20034. eCollection 2016 Feb.
Bowel obstruction is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen. Because of heterogeneity of patients' population and variety of causes, therapeutic strategies are not standardized, so treatment of intestinal obstruction is a surgical challenge in many cases. A traditional medicine approach could help detect some issues that were ignored by modern medicine. One of the major schools of medicine, with a history of several thousand years, is Iranian traditional medicine. In this regard, Avicenna, who lived in the medieval period, has had a great influence on the medical knowledge of the world by writing an encyclopedia of medicine entitled "Qanun of Medicine."
The aim of this study was to investigate Avicenna's views on the causes of intestinal obstruction and comparing them to modern medicine views. This is a review study on an Iranian traditional textbook of medicine by Avicenna, entitled "Qanun of Medicine" (in short "Qanun"). We used Qanun in its original language (Arabic) along with its Persian translation. It consists of 5 books. Part 16 of the third book talks about intestinal anatomy and introduces some intestinal diseases such as "qoolinj" and "ilavos." Intestinal obstruction can be a kind of "qoolinj" or "ilavos" disease. All intestinal obstruction etiologies in Qanun are searched in international and Iranian databases (Scopus, ISI, SID, and Iranmedex) and similar causes in modern medicine will be discussed in this article.
According to Qanun, 16 causes are involved in intestinal etiologies of bowel obstruction such as "reeh," mucoid phlegm, abdominal hot and dry distemperament, decreased bile secretion, job, and so on while modern medicine considers some of them, for instance, volvulus, intestinal herniation, worm, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and opiate.
Attention to the similar causes of intestinal obstruction in modern medicine and traditional medicine is the starting point for investigation of noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic methods that have been mentioned in Qanun. In addition, etiologies which are missed in modern medicine can open new doors to the researchers and gastroenterologists for the study, diagnosis, and prevention of the disease.
肠梗阻是急腹症最常见的病因之一。由于患者群体的异质性和病因的多样性，治疗策略并不规范，因此在许多情况下，肠梗阻的治疗是一项外科挑战。传统医学方法有助于发现一些现代医学所忽视的问题。伊朗传统医学是拥有数千年历史的主要医学流派之一。在这方面，生活在中世纪的阿维森纳通过撰写一部名为《医典》的医学百科全书，对世界医学知识产生了巨大影响。
本研究的目的是调查阿维森纳对肠梗阻病因的观点，并将其与现代医学观点进行比较。这是一项对阿维森纳所著的伊朗传统医学教科书《医典》（简称为“《医典》”）的综述研究。我们使用了其原始语言（阿拉伯语）版本以及波斯语译本。它由5卷组成。第三卷的第16部分讲述了肠道解剖，并介绍了一些肠道疾病，如“qoolinj”和“ilavos”。肠梗阻可能是一种“qoolinj ”或“ilavos”疾病。在国际和伊朗数据库（Scopus、ISI、SID和Iranmedex）中搜索了《医典》中所有肠梗阻病因，并将在本文中讨论现代医学中的类似病因。
根据《医典》，肠梗阻的肠道病因涉及16种因素，如“reeh ”、黏液痰、腹部燥热体质、胆汁分泌减少、工作等，而现代医学考虑了其中一些因素，例如肠扭转、肠疝、蠕虫、假性肠梗阻和阿片类药物。
关注现代医学和传统医学中肠梗阻的相似病因，是研究《医典》中提到的非侵入性诊断和治疗方法的起点。此外，现代医学中遗漏的病因可以为研究人员和胃肠病学家在该疾病的研究、诊断和预防方面打开新的大门。
