Blackwell Aaron D, Trumble Benjamin C, Maldonado Suarez Ivan, Stieglitz Jonathan, Beheim Bret, Snodgrass J Josh, Kaplan Hillard, Gurven Michael
a Department of Anthropology , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , USA ;
b Tsimane Health and Life History Project , San Borja , Bolivia ;
Ann Hum Biol. 2016 Jul;43(4):382-96. doi: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1189963. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
Amazonian populations are exposed to diverse parasites and pathogens, including protozoal, bacterial, fungal and helminthic infections. Yet much knowledge of the immune system is based on industrialised populations where these infections are relatively rare.
This study examines distributions and age-related differences in 22 measures of immune function for Bolivian forager-horticulturalists and US and European populations.
Subjects were 6338 Tsimane aged 0-90 years. Blood samples collected between 2004-2014 were analysed for 5-part blood differentials, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and total immunoglobulins E, G, A and M. Flow cytometry was used to quantify naïve and non-naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells, natural killer cells, and B cells.
Compared to reference populations, Tsimane have elevated levels of most immunological parameters, particularly immunoglobulins, eosinophils, ESR, B cells, and natural killer cells. However, monocytes and basophils are reduced and naïve CD4 cells depleted in older age groups.
Tsimane ecology leads to lymphocyte repertoires and immunoglobulin profiles that differ from those observed in industrialised populations. These differences have consequences for disease susceptibility and co-vary with patterns of other life history traits, such as growth and reproduction.
亚马逊地区的人群接触多种寄生虫和病原体，包括原生动物、细菌、真菌和蠕虫感染。然而，关于免疫系统的许多知识是基于工业化人群的，而在这些人群中这些感染相对罕见。
本研究调查了玻利维亚觅食园艺者以及美国和欧洲人群22项免疫功能指标的分布情况和与年龄相关的差异。
研究对象为6338名年龄在0至90岁之间的齐曼人。对2004年至2014年期间采集的血样进行了五分类血液分析、C反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率（ESR）以及总免疫球蛋白E、G、A和M的检测。采用流式细胞术对初始和非初始CD4和CD8 T细胞、自然杀伤细胞和B细胞进行定量分析。
与参考人群相比，齐曼人的大多数免疫参数水平升高，尤其是免疫球蛋白、嗜酸性粒细胞、红细胞沉降率、B细胞和自然杀伤细胞。然而，老年组的单核细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞减少，初始CD4细胞减少。
齐曼人的生活环境导致其淋巴细胞谱系和免疫球蛋白谱与工业化人群中观察到的不同。这些差异对疾病易感性有影响，并与其他生活史特征（如生长和繁殖）的模式共同变化。
