Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
Target Oncol. 2016 Oct;11(5):593-603. doi: 10.1007/s11523-016-0437-6.
The encouraging results in immunotherapy for melanoma also led the way for translational and clinical research about immune-related mechanisms possibly relevant for gastrointestinal tumours. It is in fact now evident that the immune checkpoint modulation and in particular cell-mediated immune-response through programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) receptors along with the regulatory T cells activity all have a relevant role in gastrointestinal cancers as well. This review aims to explore the state of the art of immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tumours, deepening recent scientific evidence regarding anti PD-1/PDL-1 and anti CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies, peptide based vaccine, DNA based vaccine, and pulsed dendritic cells, either alone or in combination with other antineoplastic medical therapy and locoregional treatments. Considering the non-negligible toxicity profile deriving from such a treatment approach, predictive biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer are also urgently needed in order to better select the patients' group with the highest likelihood of benefit.
免疫疗法治疗黑色素瘤的可喜结果也为胃肠道肿瘤的免疫相关机制的转化和临床研究铺平了道路。事实上，现在已经很明显，免疫检查点调节，特别是通过程序性细胞死亡-1（PD-1）和细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞抗原-4（CTLA4）受体以及调节性 T 细胞活性的细胞介导免疫反应，在胃肠道癌症中也具有重要作用。这篇综述旨在探讨胃肠道肿瘤免疫治疗的最新进展，深入探讨最近关于抗 PD-1/PDL-1 和抗 CTLA4 单克隆抗体、基于肽的疫苗、基于 DNA 的疫苗和脉冲树突状细胞的科学证据，无论是单独使用还是与其他抗肿瘤医学治疗和局部治疗联合使用。考虑到这种治疗方法带来的不可忽视的毒性，胃肠道癌对免疫治疗反应的预测性生物标志物也急需，以便更好地选择最有可能受益的患者群体。
