Shukla Sourabh, Steinmetz Nicole F
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2016 May;241(10):1116-26. doi: 10.1177/1535370216647123. Epub 2016 May 4.
Founded on the growing insight into the complex cancer-immune system interactions, adjuvant immunotherapies are rapidly emerging and being adapted for the treatment of various human malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, for example, have already shown clinical success. Nevertheless, many approaches are not optimized, require frequent administration, are associated with systemic toxicities and only show modest efficacy as monotherapies. Nanotechnology can potentially enhance the efficacy of such immunotherapies by improving the delivery, retention and release of immunostimulatory agents and biologicals in targeted cell populations and tissues. This review presents the current status and emerging trends in such nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapies including the role of nanoparticles as carriers of immunomodulators, nanoparticles-based cancer vaccines, and depots for sustained immunostimulation. Also highlighted are key translational challenges and opportunities in this rapidly growing field.
基于对复杂的癌症-免疫系统相互作用的深入了解，辅助免疫疗法正在迅速兴起，并被应用于各种人类恶性肿瘤的治疗。例如，免疫检查点抑制剂已经显示出临床疗效。然而，许多方法尚未优化，需要频繁给药，伴有全身毒性，且作为单一疗法仅显示出适度的疗效。纳米技术有可能通过改善免疫刺激剂和生物制剂在靶向细胞群体和组织中的递送、保留和释放，来提高此类免疫疗法的疗效。本文综述了基于纳米技术的癌症免疫疗法的现状和新趋势，包括纳米颗粒作为免疫调节剂载体的作用、基于纳米颗粒的癌症疫苗以及用于持续免疫刺激的贮库。同时还强调了这一快速发展领域中的关键转化挑战和机遇。
