Khan Mohammad M
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zawia, Jamal Abdul Nassre Street, P.O. Box 16418, Az-Zawiyah, Libya.
CNS Drugs. 2016 Jul;30(7):589-601. doi: 10.1007/s40263-016-0343-6.
Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has been approved for treating osteoporosis and breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women. However, recent evidence suggests that raloxifene adjunct therapy improves cognition and reduces symptom severity in men and women with schizophrenia. In animal models, raloxifene increases forebrain neurogenesis and enhances working memory and synaptic plasticity. It may consequently repair the neuronal and synaptic connectivity that is disrupted in schizophrenia. It also reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are potent etiological factors in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, in postmenopausal women, raloxifene reduces the risks for atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and weight gain, which are serious adverse effects associated with long-term antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia; therefore, it may improve the safety and efficacy of antipsychotic drugs. In this review, recent insights into the neurocognitive, neuroprotective, and cardiometabolic effects of raloxifene in relation to therapeutic outcomes in schizophrenia are discussed.
雷洛昔芬是一种选择性雌激素受体调节剂，已被批准用于治疗绝经后高危女性的骨质疏松症和乳腺癌。然而，最近的证据表明，雷洛昔芬辅助治疗可改善精神分裂症患者（包括男性和女性）的认知功能并减轻症状严重程度。在动物模型中，雷洛昔芬可增加前脑神经元生成，并增强工作记忆和突触可塑性。因此，它可能修复精神分裂症中被破坏的神经元和突触连接。它还可降低氧化应激和神经炎症，而氧化应激和神经炎症是精神分裂症神经病理学中的重要病因。此外，在绝经后女性中，雷洛昔芬可降低动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病和体重增加的风险，而这些都是与精神分裂症长期抗精神病治疗相关的严重不良反应；因此，它可能提高抗精神病药物的安全性和疗效。在本综述中，我们讨论了雷洛昔芬在神经认知、神经保护和心脏代谢方面的最新见解及其与精神分裂症治疗结果的关系。
