Laboratory of Vertebrates, Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 68020, Brazil.
International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro 22460320, Brazil.
Nat Commun. 2016 May 19;7:11666. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11666.
Two billion ha have been identified globally for forest restoration. Our meta-analysis encompassing 221 study landscapes worldwide reveals forest restoration enhances biodiversity by 15-84% and vegetation structure by 36-77%, compared with degraded ecosystems. For the first time, we identify the main ecological drivers of forest restoration success (defined as a return to a reference condition, that is, old-growth forest) at both the local and landscape scale. These are as follows: the time elapsed since restoration began, disturbance type and landscape context. The time elapsed since restoration began strongly drives restoration success in secondary forests, but not in selectively logged forests (which are more ecologically similar to reference systems). Landscape restoration will be most successful when previous disturbance is less intensive and habitat is less fragmented in the landscape. Restoration does not result in full recovery of biodiversity and vegetation structure, but can complement old-growth forests if there is sufficient time for ecological succession.
全球已确定有 20 亿公顷土地可用于森林恢复。我们的荟萃分析涵盖了全球 221 个研究景观，结果表明，与退化生态系统相比，森林恢复可使生物多样性增加 15-84%，植被结构增加 36-77%。我们首次确定了森林恢复成功的主要生态驱动因素（定义为恢复到参考条件，即原始森林），包括在局部和景观尺度上。这些因素如下：恢复开始以来的时间、干扰类型和景观背景。恢复开始以来的时间对次生林的恢复成功有很大的影响，但对选择性采伐林（与参考系统更相似的林分）没有影响。如果景观中先前的干扰不那么强烈，生境破碎化程度不那么高，那么景观恢复将最为成功。恢复并不能完全恢复生物多样性和植被结构，但如果有足够的时间进行生态演替，它可以补充原始森林。
Zotero 插件