Mertens Jerome, Marchetto Maria C, Bardy Cedric, Gage Fred H
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2016 Jul;17(7):424-37. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2016.46. Epub 2016 May 19.
The scarcity of live human brain cells for experimental access has for a long time limited our ability to study complex human neurological disorders and elucidate basic neuroscientific mechanisms. A decade ago, the development of methods to reprogramme somatic human cells into induced pluripotent stem cells enabled the in vitro generation of a wide range of neural cells from virtually any human individual. The growth of methods to generate more robust and defined neural cell types through reprogramming and direct conversion into induced neurons has led to the establishment of various human reprogramming-based neural disease models.
用于实验的活人类脑细胞的稀缺长期以来限制了我们研究复杂人类神经疾病和阐明基本神经科学机制的能力。十年前，将人类体细胞重编程为诱导多能干细胞的方法的发展，使得几乎可以从任何人类个体体外生成多种神经细胞。通过重编程和直接转化为诱导神经元来生成更强大和明确的神经细胞类型的方法的发展，导致了各种基于人类重编程的神经疾病模型的建立。
