Khatchatourov Armen, Pachet François, Rowe Victoria
Sony Computer Science Laboratory Paris Paris, France.
College of Social Science and International Studies, University of Exeter Exeter, UK.
Front Psychol. 2016 May 6;7:474. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00474. eCollection 2016.
The generation of musical material in a given style has been the subject of many studies with the increased sophistication of artificial intelligence models of musical style. In this paper we address a question of primary importance for artificial intelligence and music psychology: can such systems generate music that users indeed consider as corresponding to their own style? We address this question through an experiment involving both performance and recognition tasks with musically naïve school-age children. We asked 56 children to perform a free-form improvisation from which two kinds of music excerpt were created. One was a mere recording of original performances. The other was created by a software program designed to simulate the participants' style, based on their original performances. Two hours after the performance task, the children completed the recognition task in two conditions, one with the original excerpts and one with machine-generated music. Results indicate that the success rate is practically equivalent in two conditions: children tended to make correct attribution of the excerpts to themselves or to others, whether the music was human-produced or machine-generated (mean accuracy = 0.75 and = 0.71, respectively). We discuss this equivalence in accuracy for machine-generated and human produced music in the light of the literature on memory effects and action identity which addresses the recognition of one's own production.
随着音乐风格人工智能模型的日益复杂，以特定风格生成音乐素材已成为众多研究的主题。在本文中，我们探讨了一个对人工智能和音乐心理学至关重要的问题：这样的系统能否生成用户确实认为与他们自己风格相符的音乐？我们通过一项针对音乐零基础的学龄儿童的实验来解决这个问题，该实验涉及表演和识别任务。我们让56名儿童进行自由形式的即兴表演，从中创建了两种音乐片段。一种只是原始表演的录音。另一种是由一个软件程序根据参与者的原始表演设计模拟他们的风格而创建的。在表演任务两小时后，孩子们在两种情况下完成识别任务，一种是原始片段，另一种是机器生成的音乐。结果表明，两种情况下的成功率实际上是相当的：无论音乐是由人类制作还是机器生成，孩子们倾向于正确地将片段归因于自己或他人（平均准确率分别为0.75和0.71）。我们根据关于记忆效应和动作识别的文献来讨论机器生成音乐和人类制作音乐在准确性上的这种等效性，这些文献涉及对自己作品的识别。
