ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2016 Sep;3(3):250-7. doi: 10.1007/s40572-016-0094-z.
Urbanization and the shaping of the built environment have provided a number of socioeconomic benefits, but they have also brought unwanted side effects on health. We aimed to review the current epidemiological evidence of the associations between the built environment, closely related exposures, and child health. We focused on growth and obesity, neuropsychological development, and respiratory and immune health. We used existing review articles and supplemented these with relevant work published and not included in existing reviews. The present review shows that there is good evidence for an association between air pollution and fetal growth restriction and respiratory health, whereas for other exposure and outcome combinations, further evidence is needed. Future studies should make efforts to integrate the different built environment features and to include the evaluation of environments other than home, as well as accessibility, qualitative and perception assessment of the built environment, and, if possible, with improved and standardized tools to facilitate comparability between studies. Efforts are also needed to conduct longitudinal and intervention studies and to understand potential mechanisms behind the associations observed. Finally, studies in low- and middle-income countries are needed.
城市化和建筑环境的塑造带来了许多社会经济效益，但也给健康带来了一些意想不到的副作用。我们旨在综述建筑环境、密切相关的暴露因素与儿童健康之间关联的现有流行病学证据。我们重点关注生长和肥胖、神经心理学发育以及呼吸和免疫健康。我们使用了现有的综述文章，并补充了已发表但未包含在现有综述中的相关工作。本综述表明，空气污染与胎儿生长受限和呼吸健康之间存在良好的关联证据，而对于其他暴露因素和结果组合，还需要进一步的证据。未来的研究应努力整合不同的建筑环境特征，并包括对家庭以外环境的评估，以及可达性、建筑环境的定性和感知评估，如果可能的话，还需要使用改进和标准化的工具来促进研究之间的可比性。还需要努力开展纵向和干预研究，并了解观察到的关联背后的潜在机制。最后，需要在低收入和中等收入国家开展研究。
