Bernard K W, Graitcer P L, van der Vlugt T, Moran J S, Pulley K M
International Health Program Office, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
Int J Epidemiol. 1989 Mar;18(1):220-6. doi: 10.1093/ije/18.1.220.
In 1985, the US Peace Corps developed a computerized epidemiological surveillance system to monitor health trends in over 5500 Peace Corps Volunteers working in development projects in 62 countries worldwide. Data on 31 health conditions and events are collected monthly from each country; quarterly and annual incidence rates are then calculated, and the analysed data are distributed. In 1987, the most commonly reported health problems were diarrhoea (unclassified), 48 cases per 100 volunteers per year; amoebiasis, 24 per 100 volunteers per year; injuries, 20 per 100 volunteers per year; bacterial skin infections, 19 per 100 volunteers per year; and giardiasis 17 per 100 volunteers per year. Tracking each of these common problems, as well as other selected health conditions, guides design of more specific studies and disease control efforts. Health problems with very low rates (less than 1.0/100 volunteers/year) include hepatitis, schistosomiasis, non-falciparum malaria, and filariasis. The epidemiological surveillance system provides the health data needed to plan, implement, and evaluate health programmes for Peace Corps Volunteers, and provides a model for surveillance in other groups of temporary and permanent residents of developing countries.
1985年，美国和平队开发了一个计算机化的流行病学监测系统，以监测在全球62个国家参与发展项目的5500多名和平队志愿者的健康趋势。每月从每个国家收集31种健康状况和事件的数据；然后计算季度和年度发病率，并分发分析后的数据。1987年，报告最多的健康问题是腹泻（未分类），每年每100名志愿者中有48例；阿米巴病，每年每100名志愿者中有24例；受伤，每年每100名志愿者中有20例；细菌性皮肤感染，每年每100名志愿者中有19例；贾第虫病，每年每100名志愿者中有17例。跟踪这些常见问题以及其他选定的健康状况，可为更具体的研究设计和疾病控制工作提供指导。发病率极低（每年每100名志愿者中少于1.0例）的健康问题包括肝炎、血吸虫病、非恶性疟和丝虫病。该流行病学监测系统提供了为和平队志愿者规划、实施和评估健康计划所需的健康数据，并为发展中国家其他临时和永久居民群体的监测提供了一个模式。
