Segal Devorah, Karajannis Matthias A
Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY.
Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY; Department of Otolaryngology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2016 Jul;46(7):242-250. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.04.004. Epub 2016 May 24.
Brain tumors collectively represent the most common solid tumors in childhood and account for significant morbidity and mortality. Until recently, pediatric brain tumors were diagnosed and classified solely based on histologic criteria, and treatments were chosen empirically. Recent research has greatly enhanced our understanding of the diverse biology of pediatric brain tumors, their molecular and genetic underpinnings, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification, as well as the development of novel biomarkers and molecular targeted therapies. For subsets of patients, these new treatment options have already resulted in improved survival and decreased treatment toxicity. In this article, we provide an overview of the most common childhood brain tumors, describe recent key advances in the field, and discuss the therapeutic challenges that remain.
脑肿瘤是儿童最常见的实体瘤，会导致严重的发病和死亡。直到最近，小儿脑肿瘤仅根据组织学标准进行诊断和分类，治疗方法也是凭经验选择。最近的研究极大地增进了我们对小儿脑肿瘤多样生物学特性、其分子和遗传基础的理解，从而提高了诊断准确性和风险分层，还推动了新型生物标志物和分子靶向治疗的发展。对于部分患者亚群而言，这些新的治疗选择已带来生存率的提高和治疗毒性的降低。在本文中，我们概述了最常见的儿童脑肿瘤，描述了该领域最近的关键进展，并讨论了仍然存在的治疗挑战。
