Foley Janet E, Hasty Jeomhee M, Lane Robert S
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A..
Department of Health, Sanitation Branch Vector Control Program, Honolulu, HI 96813, U.S.A.
J Vector Ecol. 2016 Jun;41(1):41-7. doi: 10.1111/jvec.12192.
Cervids host multiple species of ixodid ticks, other ectoparasites, and a variety of rickettsiae. However, diagnostic test cross-reactivity has precluded understanding the specific role of deer in rickettsial ecology. In our survey of 128 Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson)) and their arthropod parasites from two northern Californian herds, combined with reports from the literature, we identified four distinct Anaplasma spp. and one Ehrlichia species. Two keds, Lipoptena depressa (Say) and Neolipoptena ferrisi Bequaert, and two ixodid ticks, Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls and Dermacentor occidentalis Marx, were removed from deer. One D. occidentalis was PCR-positive for E. chaffeensis; because it was also PCR-positive for Anaplasma sp., this is an Anaplasma/Ehrlichia co-infection prevalence of 4.3%. 29% of L. depressa, 23% of D. occidentalis, and 14% of deer were PCR-positive for Anaplasma spp. DNA sequencing confirmed A. bovis and A. ovis infections in D. occidentalis, A. odocoilei in deer and keds, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain WI-1 in keds and deer. This is the first report of Anaplasma spp. in a North America deer ked, and begs the question whether L. depressa may be a competent vector of Anaplasma spp. or merely acquire such bacteria while feeding on rickettsemic deer.
鹿类宿主多种硬蜱、其他体外寄生虫以及多种立克次氏体。然而，诊断测试的交叉反应性妨碍了我们对鹿在立克次氏体生态学中具体作用的理解。在我们对来自加利福尼亚州北部两个鹿群的128只哥伦比亚黑尾鹿（Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson)）及其节肢动物寄生虫进行的调查中，结合文献报道，我们鉴定出了四种不同的无形体属物种和一种埃立克体属物种。从鹿身上采集到了两种狂蝇，即Lipoptena depressa (Say) 和Neolipoptena ferrisi Bequaert，以及两种硬蜱，即太平洋硬蜱Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls和西方革蜱Dermacentor occidentalis Marx。一只西方革蜱对查菲埃立克体的PCR检测呈阳性；由于它对无形体属的PCR检测也呈阳性，所以这是无形体属/埃立克体属混合感染，感染率为4.3%。29%的Lipoptena depressa、23%的西方革蜱和14%的鹿对无形体属的PCR检测呈阳性。DNA测序证实西方革蜱感染了牛无形体和绵羊无形体，鹿和狂蝇感染了鹿无形体，狂蝇和鹿感染了嗜吞噬细胞无形体WI-1株。这是北美鹿狂蝇中无形体属的首次报道，引发了一个问题，即Lipoptena depressa是否可能是无形体属的有效传播媒介，还是仅仅在吸食感染立克次氏体的鹿血时获得了此类细菌。
