Hamdan Ibraheem, Wiegand Bettina, Toll Mathias, Sauter Martin
a Department of Applied Geology, Geoscience Centre , Georg August University Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany.
b Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) , Geozentrum Hannover, Hannover , Germany.
Isotopes Environ Health Stud. 2016 Dec;52(6):682-93. doi: 10.1080/10256016.2016.1159205. Epub 2016 May 30.
The Tanour spring is one of the several karst springs located in the northern part of Jordan. Water samples from the Tanour spring and precipitation were collected in the area of Ajloun in NW Jordan for the analysis of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes to evaluate the spring response to precipitation events. Rainwater and snow samples were collected from different elevations during winters of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. In addition, spring samples were collected between December 2014 and March 2015. δ(18)O values in rainwater vary from -3.26 to -17.34 ‰ (average: -7.84 ± 3.23 ‰), while δ(2)H values range between -4.4 and -110.4 ‰ (average: -35.7 ± 25.0 ‰). Deuterium excess ranges from 17.8 to 34.1 ‰ (average: 27.1 ± 4.0 ‰). The Local Meteoric Water Line for the study area was calculated to be δ(2)H = 7.66*δ(18)O + 24.43 (R(2) = 0.98). Pre-event spring discharge showed variation in δ(18)O (range -6.29 to -7.17 ‰; average -6.58 ± 0.19 ‰) and δ(2)H values (range -28.8 to -32.7 ‰; average: -30.5 ± 1.0 ‰). In contrast, δ(18)O and δ(2)H rapidly changed to more negative values during rainfall and snowmelt events and persisted for several days before returning to background values. Spring water temperature, spring discharge, and turbidity followed the trend in isotopic composition during and after the precipitation events. The rapid change in the isotopic composition, spring discharge, water temperature, and turbidity in response to recharge events is related to fast water travel times and low storage capacity in the conduit system of the karst aquifer. Based on the changes in the isotopic composition of spring water after the precipitation events, the water travel time in the aquifer is in the order of 5-11 days.
塔努尔泉是位于约旦北部的几处岩溶泉之一。在约旦西北部的阿杰隆地区采集了塔努尔泉的水样和降水样本，用于分析稳定氧同位素和氢同位素，以评估泉水对降水事件的响应。在2013 - 2014年和2014 - 2015年冬季，从不同海拔采集了雨水和雪样本。此外，在2014年12月至2015年3月期间采集了泉水样本。雨水中的δ(18)O值在-3.26至-17.34‰之间（平均：-7.84±3.23‰），而δ(2)H值在-4.4至-110.4‰之间（平均：-35.7±25.0‰）。氘过剩范围为17.8至34.1‰（平均：27.1±4.0‰）。研究区域的本地大气降水线计算为δ(2)H = 7.66*δ(18)O + 24.43（R(2) = 0.98）。降水事件前泉水的δ(18)O值（范围-6.29至-7.17‰；平均-6.58±0.19‰）和δ(2)H值（范围-28.8至-32.7‰；平均：-30.5±1.0‰）呈现出变化。相比之下，在降雨和融雪事件期间，δ(18)O和δ(2)H迅速变为更负值，并在恢复到背景值之前持续数天。降水事件期间及之后，泉水温度、泉水流量和浊度遵循同位素组成的趋势。同位素组成、泉水流量、水温及浊度对补给事件的快速变化与岩溶泉含水层管道系统中水流速快和储存容量低有关。基于降水事件后泉水同位素组成的变化，含水层中的水流时间约为5 - 11天。
