经皮给药途径评估微粒卵巢癌疫苗。

Evaluation of microparticulate ovarian cancer vaccine via transdermal route of delivery.

机构信息

Akorn Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 50 Lakeview Parkway, Suite 112, Vernon Hills, IL 60060, USA.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John Fisher College, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY 14618, USA.

出版信息

J Control Release. 2016 Aug 10;235:147-154. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.058. Epub 2016 May 26.

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most commonly occurring malignancy in women, with the highest mortality rate among all the gynecological tumors. Microparticulate vaccine can serve as an immunotherapeutic approach with a promising antigenic delivery system without a need for conventional adjuvants. In this study, a microparticulate vaccine using whole cell lysate of a murine ovarian cancer cell line, ID8 was prepared by spray drying. Further, the effect of interleukins (ILs) such as IL-2 and IL-12 was evaluated in a separate study group by administering them with vaccine particles to enhance the immune response. The vaccine microparticles were administered to C57BL/6 female mice via transdermal alone and in combination with the oral route. The transdermal vaccine was delivered using a metallic microneedle device, AdminPen™. Orally administered microparticles also included an M-cell targeting ligand, Aleuria aurantia lectin, to enhance the targeted uptake from microfold cells (M-cells) in Peyer's patches of small intestine. In case of combination of routes, mice were given 5 transdermal doses and 5 oral doses administered alternatively, beginning with transdermal dose. At the end of vaccination, mice were challenged with live tumor cells. Vaccine alone resulted in around 1.5 times tumor suppression in case of transdermal and combination of routes at the end of 15th week when compared to controls. Inclusion of interleukins resulted in 3 times tumor suppression when administered with transdermal vaccine and around 9 times tumor suppression for the combination route of delivery in comparison to controls. These results were further potentiated by serum IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a titers. Moreover, CD8+ T-cell, CD4+ T-cell and NK (natural killer) cell populations in splenocytes were elevated in case of vaccinated mice. Thus, vaccine microparticles could trigger humoral as well as cellular immune response when administered transdermally and via combination of route of delivery. However overall, vaccine administered with interleukins, via combination of route, was found to be the most efficacious to suppress the tumor growth and lead to a protective immune response.

摘要

卵巢癌是女性中第五种最常见的恶性肿瘤,其死亡率在所有妇科肿瘤中最高。微粒疫苗可以作为一种免疫治疗方法,具有有前途的抗原递呈系统,而不需要常规佐剂。在这项研究中,通过喷雾干燥制备了使用小鼠卵巢癌细胞系 ID8 的全细胞裂解物的微粒疫苗。此外,通过向疫苗颗粒中添加白细胞介素(ILs)如 IL-2 和 IL-12 来评估它们在单独的研究组中的效果,以增强免疫反应。通过透皮途径和口服途径将疫苗微粒单独或联合给予 C57BL/6 雌性小鼠。透皮疫苗使用金属微针装置 AdminPen™ 给药。口服微粒还包括一种 M 细胞靶向配体,Aleuria aurantia lectin,以增强从小肠派尔集合淋巴结的微褶皱细胞(M 细胞)中的靶向摄取。在联合途径的情况下,小鼠给予 5 次透皮剂量和 5 次口服剂量,从透皮剂量开始交替给药。在接种结束时,用活肿瘤细胞对小鼠进行攻击。与对照组相比,在第 15 周结束时,单独使用疫苗时,透皮和联合途径的肿瘤抑制率约为 1.5 倍。与透皮疫苗联合使用时,白细胞介素的加入导致肿瘤抑制率达到 3 倍,而联合给药途径的肿瘤抑制率约为对照组的 9 倍。这些结果通过血清 IgG、IgG1 和 IgG2a 滴度进一步增强。此外,脾细胞中 CD8+T 细胞、CD4+T 细胞和 NK(自然杀伤)细胞群体在接种疫苗的小鼠中升高。因此,当透皮和联合给药途径给药时,疫苗微粒可以引发体液和细胞免疫反应。然而,总体而言,通过联合途径给予白细胞介素的疫苗被发现是最有效的抑制肿瘤生长并导致保护性免疫反应的疫苗。

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