长寿裸鼹鼠可培养微生物群及饮食摄入模式分析。
Analysis of cultivable microbiota and diet intake pattern of the long-lived naked mole-rat.
作者信息
Debebe Tewodros, Holtze Susanne, Morhart Michaela, Hildebrandt Thomas Bernd, Rodewald Steffen, Huse Klaus, Platzer Matthias, Wyohannes Dereje, Yirga Salomon, Lemma Alemayehu, Thieme Rene, König Brigitte, Birkenmeier Gerd
机构信息
Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ; Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
出版信息
Gut Pathog. 2016 May 28;8:25. doi: 10.1186/s13099-016-0107-3. eCollection 2016.
BACKGROUND
A variety of microbial communities exist throughout the human and animal body. Genetics, environmental factors and long-term dietary habit contribute to shaping the composition of the gut microbiota. For this reason the study of the gut microbiota of a mammal exhibiting an extraordinary life span is of great importance. The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a eusocial mammal known for its longevity and cancer resistance.
METHODS
Here we analyzed its gut microbiota by cultivating the bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and identifying their species by mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
Altogether, 29 species of microbes were identified, predominantly belonging to Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The most frequent species were Bacillus megaterium (45.2 %), followed by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (19.4 %), Bacteroides ovatus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Paenibacillus spp., each with a frequency of 16.1 %.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the gut of the naked mole-rat is colonized by diverse, but low numbers of cultivable microbes compared with humans and mice. The primary food plants of the rodents are rich in polyphenols and related compounds, possessing anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative as well as anti-cancer activity which may contribute to their exceptionally healthy life.
背景
人类和动物体内存在各种各样的微生物群落。基因、环境因素和长期饮食习惯共同塑造了肠道微生物群的组成。因此，对具有超长寿命的哺乳动物的肠道微生物群进行研究具有重要意义。裸鼹鼠（Heterocephalus glaber）是一种群居哺乳动物，以其长寿和抗癌能力而闻名。
方法
在此，我们通过在需氧和厌氧条件下培养细菌并利用质谱法鉴定其种类，对其肠道微生物群进行了分析。
结果
共鉴定出29种微生物，主要属于厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。最常见的物种是巨大芽孢杆菌（45.2%），其次是多形拟杆菌（19.4%）、卵形拟杆菌、松鼠葡萄球菌和类芽孢杆菌属，每种的出现频率均为16.1%。
结论
总体而言，与人类和小鼠相比，裸鼹鼠的肠道中定殖着多样但数量较少的可培养微生物。这些啮齿动物的主要食用植物富含多酚及相关化合物，具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化以及抗癌活性，这可能有助于它们过上格外健康的生活。
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