Morrison Shaun F
Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
F1000Res. 2016 May 12;5. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.7958.1. eCollection 2016.
Central neural circuits orchestrate the behavioral and autonomic repertoire that maintains body temperature during environmental temperature challenges and alters body temperature during the inflammatory response and behavioral states and in response to declining energy homeostasis. This review summarizes the central nervous system circuit mechanisms controlling the principal thermoeffectors for body temperature regulation: cutaneous vasoconstriction regulating heat loss and shivering and brown adipose tissue for thermogenesis. The activation of these thermoeffectors is regulated by parallel but distinct efferent pathways within the central nervous system that share a common peripheral thermal sensory input. The model for the neural circuit mechanism underlying central thermoregulatory control provides a useful platform for further understanding of the functional organization of central thermoregulation, for elucidating the hypothalamic circuitry and neurotransmitters involved in body temperature regulation, and for the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to modulating body temperature and energy homeostasis.
中枢神经回路协调行为和自主反应，在环境温度变化时维持体温，在炎症反应、行为状态以及能量稳态下降时改变体温。本综述总结了中枢神经系统控制体温调节主要热效应器的回路机制：调节热量散失的皮肤血管收缩，以及产热的颤抖和棕色脂肪组织。这些热效应器的激活由中枢神经系统内平行但不同的传出通路调节，这些通路共享共同的外周热感觉输入。中枢体温调节控制的神经回路机制模型为进一步理解中枢体温调节的功能组织、阐明参与体温调节的下丘脑回路和神经递质，以及发现调节体温和能量稳态的新治疗方法提供了一个有用的平台。
