Giblin Georgia, Whiteside David, Reid Machar
a Innovation and Insight Group, Tennis Australia , Melbourne , Australia.
b Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living , Victoria Univeristy , Melbourne , Australia.
Sports Biomech. 2017 Mar;16(1):23-33. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1179337. Epub 2016 May 30.
The serve is considered amongst the most important strokes in tennis. Not surprisingly, the development of a mechanically consistent and proficient serve is paramount. Correspondingly, drills that involve players serving with their eyes closed are thought to promote mechanical consistency. The purpose of this study was therefore to contrast the effect of the removal of visual feedback on ball and racket kinematics in the serve. A 10-camera 500-Hz VICON MX motion analysis system recorded the service actions of eight elite young players as they performed three serves with eyes open and three serves with eyes closed. Removal of vision resulted in considerable differences in both racket and ball kinematics, with players failing to make contact on 16 of 24 serves. Temporally, the preparation phase was significantly shorter with eyes closed. Spatially, the ball was located 6.5 cm further to the right at zenith, and 13 cm higher at impact with eyes closed. These results highlight that the serve is not entirely pre-programmable, and that visual feedback is critical to the spatiotemporal regulation of the serve. In turn, coaches need to be aware of the implications of modifying visual feedback in serve, and ensure that the consequence is congruent with their intent.
发球被认为是网球运动中最重要的击球动作之一。毫不奇怪，形成机械上连贯且熟练的发球动作至关重要。相应地，让球员闭眼发球的训练被认为有助于提高机械连贯性。因此，本研究的目的是对比去除视觉反馈对发球时球和球拍运动学的影响。一个配备10台摄像机、频率为500赫兹的VICON MX运动分析系统记录了8名年轻优秀球员的发球动作，他们分别进行了3次睁眼发球和3次闭眼发球。去除视觉反馈导致球拍和球的运动学出现显著差异，24次发球中有16次球员未能击中球。在时间方面，闭眼时准备阶段明显更短。在空间方面，球在顶点时位于右侧6.5厘米处，闭眼击球时球的高度比睁眼时高13厘米。这些结果表明，发球并非完全可预先编程，视觉反馈对发球的时空调节至关重要。反过来，教练需要意识到改变发球时视觉反馈的影响，并确保结果符合他们的意图。
