Liu Ronghua, Luo Feifei, Liu Xiaoming, Wang Luman, Yang Jiao, Deng Yuting, Huang Enyu, Qian Jiawen, Lu Zhou, Jiang Xuechao, Zhang Dan, Chu Yiwei
Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No.138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd., mail box 226, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;909:69-138. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-7555-7_2.
Biological response modifiers (BRMs) emerge as a lay of new compounds or approaches used in improving cancer immunotherapy. Evidences highlight that cytokines, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and noncoding RNAs are of crucial roles in modulating antitumor immune response and cancer-related chronic inflammation, and BRMs based on them have been explored. In particular, besides some cytokines like IFN-α and IL-2, several Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists like BCG, MPL, and imiquimod are also licensed to be used in patients with several malignancies nowadays, and the first artificial small noncoding RNA (microRNA) mimic, MXR34, has entered phase I clinical study against liver cancer, implying their potential application in cancer therapy. According to amounts of original data, this chapter will review the regulatory roles of TLR signaling, some noncoding RNAs, and several key cytokines in cancer and cancer-related immune response, as well as the clinical cases in cancer therapy based on them.
生物反应调节剂（BRMs）作为一类用于改善癌症免疫治疗的新化合物或新方法而出现。有证据表明，细胞因子、Toll样受体（TLR）信号传导和非编码RNA在调节抗肿瘤免疫反应和癌症相关慢性炎症中起着关键作用，基于它们的生物反应调节剂也已得到探索。特别是，除了一些细胞因子如IFN-α和IL-2外，如今几种Toll样受体（TLR）激动剂如卡介苗、MPL和咪喹莫特也被批准用于多种恶性肿瘤患者，并且首个模拟人工小非编码RNA（微小RNA）的MXR34已进入针对肝癌的I期临床研究，这意味着它们在癌症治疗中的潜在应用。根据大量原始数据，本章将综述TLR信号传导、一些非编码RNA和几种关键细胞因子在癌症及癌症相关免疫反应中的调节作用，以及基于它们的癌症治疗临床病例。
