Bourliva Anna, Christophoridis Christophoros, Papadopoulou Lambrini, Giouri Katerina, Papadopoulos Argyrios, Mitsika Elena, Fytianos Konstantinos
Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece.
Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece.
Environ Geochem Health. 2017 Jun;39(3):611-634. doi: 10.1007/s10653-016-9836-y. Epub 2016 May 30.
In the present study, an investigation of the mineralogy and morphology, the heavy metal content and the health risk of urban road dusts from the second largest city of Greece was conducted. For this reason road dust samples from selected sites within the city core area were collected. No differences were observed in the mineralogy of road dusts coming from different sampling sites, and they were mainly consisted of quartz and calcite, while an elevated amorphous content was detected. Morphologically road dusts presented Ca-rich, Fe-rich and silicates particles with various shapes and sizes. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in road dust were 1.76, 104.9, 662.3, 336.4, 89.43, 209 and 452.8 μg g, respectively. A series of spatial distribution patterns revealed that the hotspot areas were tended to associate with major road junctions and regions with high traffic. Combination of pollution indexes and statistical analyses (correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis) revealed that road dusts have a severe influence by anthropogenic activities. In attempt to identify the source of metals through geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses, it was concluded as follows: Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn mainly originated from tire/break wear and vehicle abrasions, while Cd, Mn and Pb were mainly related to fuel/oil leakage from automobiles along with oil lubricants and vehicle abrasion. Hazard quotient values for children based on total metal concentrations for the road dust ingestion route were lower than safe level (=1). However, the fact that the Hazard Index value for Pb (0.459) which is a particularly toxic metal, was close to safe level, renders essential further investigation in order to provide more reliable characterizations of potential health risks.
在本研究中，对希腊第二大城市的城市道路灰尘进行了矿物学与形态学、重金属含量及健康风险调查。为此，采集了城市核心区域内选定地点的道路灰尘样本。不同采样点的道路灰尘在矿物学上未观察到差异，主要由石英和方解石组成，同时检测到无定形成分含量升高。在形态上，道路灰尘呈现出富含钙、铁和硅酸盐的颗粒，形状和大小各异。道路灰尘中镉、铬、铜、锰、镍、铅和锌的平均浓度分别为1.76、104.9、662.3、336.4、89.43、209和452.8 μg/g。一系列空间分布模式表明，热点区域往往与主要道路交叉口和交通流量大的区域相关联。污染指数与统计分析（相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析）相结合表明，道路灰尘受人为活动影响严重。通过地统计学和多元统计分析试图确定金属来源，得出以下结论：铬、铜、铁和锌主要源自轮胎/刹车片磨损和车辆磨损，而镉、锰和铅主要与汽车燃油/机油泄漏以及机油润滑剂和车辆磨损有关。基于道路灰尘摄入途径中总金属浓度的儿童危害商值低于安全水平（=1）。然而，作为一种特别有毒金属的铅的危害指数值（0.459）接近安全水平，这一事实使得有必要进一步调查，以便对潜在健康风险提供更可靠的描述。
