印度丹巴德道路网络沿线颗粒物和道路灰尘中重金属的污染与健康风险评估
Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India.
作者信息
Kumari Shweta, Jain Manish Kumar, Elumalai Suresh Pandian
机构信息
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand -826004 (India).
出版信息
J Health Pollut. 2021 Mar 2;11(29):210305. doi: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210305. eCollection 2021 Mar.
BACKGROUND
The rise in particulate matter (PM) concentrations is a serious problem for the environment. Heavy metals associated with PM, PM, and road dust adversely affect human health. Different methods have been used to assess heavy metal contamination in PM, PM, and road dust and source apportionment of these heavy metals. These assessment tools utilize pollution indices and health risk assessment models.
OBJECTIVES
The present study evaluates the total mass and average concentrations of heavy metals in PM, PM, and road dust along selected road networks in Dhanbad, India, analyzes the source apportionment of heavy metals, and assesses associated human health risks.
METHODS
A total of 112 PM samples and 21 road dust samples were collected from six stations and one background site in Dhanbad, India from December 2015 to February 2016, and were analyzed for heavy metals (iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn)) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Source apportionment was determined using principal component analysis. A health risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in PM, PM, and road dust was also performed.
RESULTS
The average mass concentration was found to be 229.54±118.40 μg m for PM and 129.73 ±61.74 μg m for PM. The average concentration of heavy metals was found to be higher in PM than PM. The pollution load index value of PM and PM road dust was found to be in the deteriorating category. Vehicles were the major source of pollution. The non-carcinogenic effects on children and adults were found to be within acceptable limits. The heavy metals present in PM and road dust posed a health risk in the order of road dust> PM> and PM. Particulate matter posed higher health risks than road dust due to particle size.
CONCLUSIONS
The mass concentration analysis indicates serious PM and PM contamination in the study area. Vehicle traffic was the major source of heavy metals in PM, PM, and road dust. In terms of non-carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals in the present study, children were more affected than adults. The carcinogenic risk posed by the heavy metals was negligible.
COMPETING INTERESTS
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
背景
颗粒物（PM）浓度上升是一个严重的环境问题。与PM、PM和道路灰尘相关的重金属会对人类健康产生不利影响。已采用不同方法来评估PM、PM和道路灰尘中的重金属污染以及这些重金属的来源分配。这些评估工具利用污染指数和健康风险评估模型。
目的
本研究评估了印度丹巴德选定道路网络沿线PM、PM和道路灰尘中重金属的总质量和平均浓度，分析了重金属的来源分配，并评估了相关的人类健康风险。
方法
2015年12月至2016年2月期间，从印度丹巴德的六个站点和一个背景站点采集了112个PM样本和21个道路灰尘样本，并使用原子吸收分光光度法分析了重金属（铁（Fe）、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、镍（Ni）、铜（Cu）、铬（Cr）和锌（Zn））。使用主成分分析确定来源分配。还对PM、PM和道路灰尘中的重金属浓度进行了健康风险评估。
结果
发现PM的平均质量浓度为229.54±118.40μg/m，PM的平均质量浓度为129.73±61.74μg/m。发现PM中重金属的平均浓度高于PM。发现PM和PM道路灰尘的污染负荷指数值处于恶化类别。车辆是主要污染源。发现对儿童和成人的非致癌影响在可接受范围内。PM和道路灰尘中存在的重金属对健康的风险顺序为道路灰尘>PM>PM。由于颗粒大小，颗粒物带来的健康风险高于道路灰尘。
结论
质量浓度分析表明研究区域存在严重的PM和PM污染。车辆交通是PM、PM和道路灰尘中重金属的主要来源。就本研究中重金属造成的非致癌风险而言，儿童比成人受影响更大。重金属造成的致癌风险可忽略不计。
利益冲突
作者声明不存在相互竞争的财务利益。
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