句子的意义和情感内容对模仿同种个体进食的连续运动序列运动学的影响。
The Effects of Meaning and Emotional Content of a Sentence on the Kinematics of a Successive Motor Sequence Mimiking the Feeding of a Conspecific.
作者信息
De Stefani Elisa, De Marco Doriana, Gentilucci Maurizio
机构信息
Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma Parma, Italy.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2016 May 9;7:672. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00672. eCollection 2016.
AIM
Do the emotional content and meaning of sentences affect the kinematics of successive motor sequences?
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Participants observed video-clips of an actor pronouncing sentences expressing positive or negative emotions and meanings (related to happiness or anger in Experiment 1 and food admiration or food disgust in Experiment 2). Then, they reached-to-grasp and placed a sugar lump on the actor's mouth. Participants acted in response to sentences whose content could convey (1) emotion (i.e., face expression and prosody) and meaning, (2) meaning alone, or (3) emotion alone. Within each condition, the kinematic effects of sentences expressing positive and negative emotions were compared. Stimuli (positive for food admiration and negative for food disgust), conveyed either by emotion or meaning affected similarly the kinematics of both grasp and reach.
RESULTS
In Experiment 1, the kinematics did not vary between positive and negative sentences either when the content was expressed by both emotion and meaning, or meaning alone. In contrast, in the case of sole emotion, sentences with positive valence made faster the approach of the conspecific. In Experiment 2, the valence of emotions (positive for food admiration and negative for food disgust) affected the kinematics of both grasp and reach, independently of the modality.
DISCUSSION
The lack of an effect of meaning in Experiment 1 could be due to the weak relevance of sentence meaning with respect to the motor sequence goal (feeding). Experiment 2 demonstrated that, indeed, this was the case, because when the meaning and the consequent emotion were related to the sequence goal, they affected the kinematics. In contrast, the sole emotion activated approach or avoidance toward the actor according to positive and negative valence. The data suggest a behavioral dissociation between effects of emotion and meaning.
目的
句子的情感内容和意义是否会影响连续运动序列的运动学？
材料与方法
参与者观看演员朗读表达积极或消极情绪及意义的句子的视频片段（实验1中与快乐或愤怒有关，实验2中与对食物的赞赏或厌恶有关）。然后，他们伸手抓取并将一块方糖放在演员嘴上。参与者根据句子内容做出反应，这些句子内容可以传达（1）情感（即面部表情和韵律）和意义，（2）仅意义，或（3）仅情感。在每种情况下，比较表达积极和消极情绪的句子的运动学效应。由情感或意义传达的刺激（对食物赞赏为积极，对食物厌恶为消极）对抓握和伸手动作的运动学影响相似。
结果
在实验l中，当情感和意义共同表达内容或仅由意义表达内容时，积极和消极句子之间的运动学没有差异。相反，在仅表达情感的情况下，具有正效价的句子使同种个体的接近速度更快。在实验2中，情绪效价（对食物赞赏为积极，对食物厌恶为消极）独立于模态影响抓握和伸手动作的运动学。
讨论
实验1中意义缺乏影响可能是由于句子意义与运动序列目标（喂食）的相关性较弱。实验2表明，确实如此，因为当意义和随之而来的情感与序列目标相关时，它们会影响运动学。相反，仅情感根据正效价和负效价激活对演员的接近或回避。数据表明情感和意义的影响在行为上存在分离。
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