Ji Yang, Wang Jun, Chen Tianyong, Du Xin, Zhan Yi
Key Laboratory of Mental Health.
Psychol Aging. 2016 Aug;31(5):415-429. doi: 10.1037/pag0000102. Epub 2016 May 30.
Inhibition deficit plays a crucial part in cognitive aging; however, few studies have systematically investigated the plasticity of various inhibitory processes among older adults. We studied the plasticity of 3 inhibitory processes (access, deletion, and restraint) and the extent of far transfer of inhibition training to other general cognitive abilities. Thirty-six participants (aged 60 years and above, M = 70.06, SD = 5.53) were randomly assigned to an adaptive training group that received 12 sessions of training covering 3 inhibitory processes or an active control group that received 4 sessions of mental health lectures. Participants in both groups completed pre- and posttest assessments, in which behavioral and electrophysiological measures were used to evaluate potential transfer effects. Direct training gains were observed for trained tasks of all inhibitory processes, but near-transfer effects were only found within untrained tasks associated with deletion at a composite score level. Furthermore, far-transfer effects were demonstrated for fluid intelligence (Gf) but not for working memory or other general cognitive abilities. Near transfer to deletion and far transfer to Gf persisted at a 3-month follow-up assessment session. We discussed differences in plasticity between the 3 inhibitory processes as well as their possible associations with far transfer to Gf. (PsycINFO Database Record
抑制缺陷在认知衰老中起着关键作用；然而，很少有研究系统地调查老年人各种抑制过程的可塑性。我们研究了三种抑制过程（访问、删除和抑制）的可塑性以及抑制训练向其他一般认知能力的远迁移程度。36名参与者（年龄在60岁及以上，M = 70.06，SD = 5.53）被随机分配到接受涵盖三种抑制过程的12节训练课程的适应性训练组或接受4节心理健康讲座的积极对照组。两组参与者都完成了前测和后测评估，其中使用行为和电生理测量来评估潜在的迁移效应。在所有抑制过程的训练任务中都观察到了直接训练收益，但仅在综合得分水平上与删除相关的未训练任务中发现了近迁移效应。此外，在流体智力（Gf）方面证明了远迁移效应，但在工作记忆或其他一般认知能力方面未发现。在3个月的随访评估中，向删除的近迁移和向Gf的远迁移仍然存在。我们讨论了三种抑制过程之间可塑性的差异以及它们与向Gf的远迁移的可能关联。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
