Gupta Bhawna, Johnson Newell W, Kumar Narinder
School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld., Australia.
Oncology. 2016;91(1):13-23. doi: 10.1159/000446117. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) continue to remain a significant public health burden worldwide, causing significant mortality and morbidity despite significant clinical advances enabling their early diagnosis and treatment.
We used data from the GLOBOCAN 2012, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, World Health Organization Mortality Database and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programmes to describe the current epidemiology of HNCs.
Estimated age-standardised incidence/mortality rates for cancers of the lip and oral cavity among males and females (7.0/2.3 and 2.6/0.6 per 100,000 per annum) in more developed regions are higher compared to those in less developed regions (5.0/2.8 and 2.5/1.4 per 100,000 per annum). Similarly, the estimated rates for cancers of the tonsils and pharynx among males (7.5/2.5 per 100,000 per annum) and females (2.7/0.5 per 100,000 per annum) are reported to be the highest in Western Europe, whereas these rates for cancer of the larynx among males (7.9/4.0 per 100,000 per annum) and females (0.9/0.5 per 100,000 per annum) are reported to be the highest in the Caribbean. Cancer of the nasopharynx represents a significant HNC burden in the Asia-Pacific region and Northern Africa.
The current and future estimated burden of HNCs is shifting to less developed regions which may be ill equipped to deal with this increasing burden. This needs urgent attention of policy makers through effective cancer control policy implementation with population-based interventions.
头颈部癌症（HNCs）在全球范围内仍然是一项重大的公共卫生负担，尽管在早期诊断和治疗方面取得了重大临床进展，但仍导致了显著的死亡率和发病率。
我们使用了来自全球癌症负担2012、《五大洲癌症发病率》、世界卫生组织死亡率数据库以及监测、流行病学和最终结果计划的数据来描述当前HNCs的流行病学情况。
与欠发达地区相比，较发达地区男性和女性唇癌和口腔癌的年龄标准化发病率/死亡率估计值（分别为每年每10万人7.0/2.3和2.6/0.6）更高（欠发达地区为每年每10万人5.0/2.8和2.5/1.4）。同样，据报告，西欧男性（每年每10万人7.5/2.5）和女性（每年每10万人2.7/0.5）的扁桃体癌和咽癌估计发病率最高，而据报告，加勒比地区男性（每年每10万人7.9/4.0）和女性（每年每10万人0.9/0.5）的喉癌发病率最高。鼻咽癌在亚太地区和北非构成了重大的HNC负担。
目前和未来估计的HNC负担正在转向欠发达地区，这些地区可能没有足够的能力应对这一日益增加的负担。这需要政策制定者通过实施有效的癌症控制政策和基于人群的干预措施给予紧急关注。
